论我国行政承诺制度的完善

发布时间：2018-12-17 03:49

【摘要】：在强调简政放权行政改革的驱使下,行政机关充分利用立法者赋予的裁量权进行行政手段创新,此时行政承诺应运而生,并逐渐地在实践中得到广泛应用。行政承诺在树立政府形象、提高行政效率、惠及民生等方面都具有独特的价值。然而相较于火热的实践,行政法各学者对于这方面的理论研究还有些滞后,关于行政承诺的概念、法律属性等学术问题仍然存在着不小争议,研究还不够成熟。实践中行政主体在作出承诺时往往会出现不适当作出和不适当兑现承诺行为,造成行政相对人利益受到侵害和行政主体公信力下降的不利后果,违背了行政承诺设立的初衷。这便引发出对我国行政承诺制度存在的问题的思考。最深层次的原因是行政承诺在我国尚处于立法空白的状态,其中最为突出的是两个方面问题:一是实践中行政承诺程序制度的缺失问题,主要表现为缺乏行政相对人参与、公开承诺的透明度不高、缺乏对行政承诺事前和事后的监督;二是行政承诺相对人信赖利益受到损害时的救济问题。行政承诺在被最高人民法院确立为诉讼案由后,行政诉讼便成为了实践中相对人选择较多的救济方式。但是与其他行政行为的救济力度相比还略显薄弱。为完善我国行政承诺制度,应当考虑到行政承诺是以提高行政效率为主要目的行政行为,故一方面要确保行政承诺合法合理地被作出,另一方面要尽量保留行政承诺被行政机关灵活运用的特性。首先为了解决实践中行政主体不适当作出承诺和不适当履行承诺问题时,应当完善行政承诺主体法律责任的相关法律规定,明确对行政承诺主体法律责任的归责原则、构成要件、以及行政主体在不同违法承诺情形下责任的承担形式。其次是构建行政承诺程序制度,主要从确保行政承诺作出过程的公开性、公众参与的可能性以及通过引入备案制度和问责制度进行事前和事后监督这几个方面进行规定。最后为了保护相对人的信赖权益我们需要完善行政承诺的救济方式。将行政复议和行政赔偿和行政补偿纳入到行政承诺的救济方式中,实现行政救济和司法救济并轨的救济模式,这样才能更好地救济行政相对人的信赖利益。
[Abstract]:Driven by the administrative reform of administrative decentralization, the administrative organs make full use of the discretion given by the legislator to innovate the administrative means. At this time, the administrative commitment emerges as the times require, and is gradually widely used in practice. Administrative commitment has unique value in setting up government image, improving administrative efficiency and benefiting people's livelihood. However, compared with the hot practice, the scholars of administrative law still lag behind in the theoretical research on this aspect. There are still some disputes about the concept of administrative commitment and legal attributes, and the research is not mature enough. In practice, when the administrative subject makes a promise, it often appears improper making and improper fulfilling the promise behavior, which results in the adverse consequences of the infringement of the interests of the administrative counterpart and the decline of the public credibility of the administrative subject, which violates the original intention of the establishment of the administrative commitment. This will lead to thinking about the problems existing in the system of administrative commitment in our country. The deepest reason is that the administrative commitment in our country is still in the state of legislative blank, among which two problems are most prominent: one is the lack of the procedural system of administrative commitment in practice, mainly the lack of participation of administrative counterpart. The transparency of the public commitment is not high and the supervision of the administrative commitment before and after is lacking; The second is the relief of the relative party's trust interest when the administrative commitment is damaged. After the administrative commitment was established as the cause of litigation by the Supreme people's Court, administrative litigation has become a relatively large number of relief methods chosen by the counterpart in practice. However, compared with other administrative actions, the relief force is still slightly weak. In order to perfect the system of administrative commitment in our country, we should consider that the main purpose of administrative commitment is to improve administrative efficiency, so on the one hand, we should ensure that the administrative commitment is made legally and reasonably. On the other hand, administrative commitment should be kept as flexible as possible. First of all, in order to solve the problem of improper commitment and improper implementation of the commitment in practice, we should perfect the relevant legal provisions of the legal responsibility of the subject of administrative commitment, and make clear the principle of imputation of the legal responsibility of the subject of administrative commitment. The constitutive elements and the form of the responsibility of the administrative subject under different illegal commitments. The second is to construct the administrative commitment procedure system, mainly from the aspects of ensuring the openness of the administrative commitment making process, the possibility of public participation and the prior and afterwards supervision by introducing the filing system and the accountability system. Finally, in order to protect the relative rights and interests of trust we need to improve the relief of administrative commitments. Administrative reconsideration, administrative compensation and administrative compensation are brought into the relief mode of administrative promise, and the relief mode of administrative relief and judicial relief is realized, so that the trust interests of administrative counterpart can be better relieved.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1

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