控烟规则实效研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 17:05

【摘要】：控烟近些年来在中国一直是一个热点话题，其中涉及法律、社会和经济等诸多领域的重大课题。该热点问题，就法律层面而言，“控烟规则”的实效性或许是最值得关注的问题之一。是否应该全面禁止吸烟？如何全面禁止吸烟？能否通过法律手段全面禁止吸烟？全面禁止吸烟的法律规则应当怎样？对这一系列问题的回答，或许是破解控烟规则实效性的关键。实际上，对此问题的研究，还有更为深层次的学理和实践意义：就学理意义而言，法律的制定与出台，仅仅是法律实效性的开始，最为重要的是该法律在实际运行过程中能否为人们所遵守和适用，剖析控烟规则的实效性，最为重要的学理意义在于通过对具体规则的实效性的解析，反思中国法律规则的实效性所具有的特殊性；就实践意义而言，法律除了必须被信仰之外，还应该被切实遵守和适用，通过对控烟规则的实效性的剖析，反思中国立法的技术性问题，从而为寻求增强法律规则实效性的可能因素提供智力支持。对此问题的研究，或许可以从如下几个方面展开：首先，控烟规则类型的解释。正如吸烟的危害性不仅是一个国内问题更是一个国际共同问题一样，控烟规则不仅有国内层面立法的支撑，更有相应的国际法依据。对这些国内层面立法和国际层面立法的梳理，构成第一部分的核心内容。当然，对规则类型的解释，更加侧重国内层面既有立法的分析与评价。其次，控烟规则实效的类型划分。类型学的研究，在分析控烟规则实效性问题上不可缺少，并且大有裨益。通过选取“场所性质”和“公众认可”两个类型划分依据，可以得到控烟规则实效性强弱的两对四个类型，，通过对这四个类型的描述解释，有助于寻找控烟规则实效性强弱的影响因素。再次，控烟规则实效性强弱的影响因素分析。承接控烟规则实效性的类型划分及对各个类型的描述，进一步寻找影响控烟规则实效性强弱的影响因素，并把这些因素概括为规则的灵活性、接受性与操作性。分析这三个因素对各个实效性类型的影响，有助于思考控烟规则弱实效性类型的补救对策。最后，控烟规则弱实效性的补救对策及其立法展望。将我国控烟规则在控烟规则实效性强弱类型中予以定为，着重考察弱实效性产生原因，并寻求可能的补救对策。由于我国目前的控烟规则尚处于较低的“条例”层面，有待于上升为较高的法律层面，所以依据强弱实效性类型及其影响因素，给出相应的立法展望，或许更显实践意义。
[Abstract]:Tobacco control has been a hot topic in China in recent years. At the legal level, the effectiveness of tobacco control rules is perhaps one of the most noteworthy issues. Should smoking be banned altogether? How to ban smoking completely? Can smoking be completely banned by legal means? What should be the legal rules for a total ban on smoking? The answer to this series of questions may be the key to the effectiveness of tobacco control rules. In fact, the study of this problem has a deeper theoretical and practical significance: in the theoretical sense, the formulation and introduction of the law is only the beginning of the effectiveness of the law. The most important thing is whether the law can be observed and applied by people in the process of actual operation. The most important theoretical significance lies in the analysis of the effectiveness of the specific rules. Reflecting on the particularity of the effectiveness of Chinese legal rules; As far as practice is concerned, in addition to being believed in, the law should also be observed and applied practically. Through the analysis of the effectiveness of the smoking control rules, the technical problems of Chinese legislation should be reconsidered. Therefore, it can provide intellectual support for the possible factors to enhance the effectiveness of legal rules. The research on this problem may be carried out from the following aspects: first, the explanation of the type of tobacco control rules. Just as the harmfulness of smoking is not only a domestic problem but also a common international problem, tobacco control rules not only have the support of domestic legislation, but also have the corresponding basis of international law. Combing these domestic and international legislation constitutes the core content of the first part. Of course, the interpretation of the type of rules, more emphasis on the domestic level of existing legislation analysis and evaluation. Secondly, the classification of the effectiveness of tobacco control rules. The study of typology is indispensable and helpful in analyzing the effectiveness of tobacco control rules. By selecting two types of classification of "place nature" and "public approval", we can get two pairs of four types of tobacco control rules, and explain the four types through the description of these four types. It is helpful to find the influencing factors of the effectiveness of tobacco control rules. Thirdly, the influence factors of the effectiveness of tobacco control rules are analyzed. To undertake the classification of the actual effect of tobacco control rules and the description of each type, to further explore the influence factors of the effectiveness of tobacco control rules, and to summarize these factors as the flexibility, acceptance and operability of the rules. The analysis of the influence of these three factors on the effective types is helpful to thinking about the remedial measures for the weak effective types of tobacco control rules. Finally, the remedial countermeasures and legislative prospects of weak effectiveness of tobacco control rules are discussed. In this paper, the author defines the tobacco control rules as the types of strong and weak effectiveness of tobacco control rules in our country, focuses on the causes of the weak effectiveness, and looks for possible remedial measures. Because the current tobacco control rules of our country are still in the lower level of "regulations" and need to rise to a higher level of law, so according to the effective types of strong and weak and their influencing factors, the corresponding legislative outlook may be more significant in practice.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16

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