我国渔业权法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-12-21 09:32

【摘要】：渔业权制度关乎国计民生，世界主要渔业国家和地区都在努力构建一套先进的渔业权法律制度，以求在发展渔业经济、保障渔民权利的同时保证渔业资源的可持续发展。我国学界对渔业权制度的研究仍很落后，具体表现为以下方面：首先主流观点在对渔业权法律性质的认识上存在着偏差。此外，在如何解决渔业权问题上又存在着走完全私有化的错误倾向。最后，在渔业权法律制度改革的问题上还有人错误地主张将渔业行政管理队伍重新纳入公务员管理系统。通过辨析渔业权的法律性质开始，得出我国渔业权法律制度改革乃渔业权发展的根本保证，并主张深化我国渔业管理制度中的事业单位改革才是符合世界潮流和现实需要的正确做法。目前国内对渔业权性质的认识大致可以分为公权说、私权说以及折衷说。其中公权说最没市场，比较流行的观点是私权说以及带有公权色彩的私权说。这和我国将“从事养殖、捕捞的权利”规定在了《物权法》的用益物权编中有很大的关系。其实从日本和台湾的渔业法中看，渔业权应该是“准”物权。准物权其实是一种混合权利，“偏公”还是“偏私”要是具体的准物权类型而定。此外，欧美国家采取的渔业配额制度则具有明显的公法属性。因此我国应该建立起一种“公私并存，公权为先”的具有双层结构的“立体”渔业权,同时渔业行政管理体制改革在渔业权制度发展中具有重要地位。我国渔业权法律制度中存在的问题大致分为两类：一类是“看得见的不合理”，即政府相关部门在渔业行政管理中的违法违规行为，比较典型的例子是一些地方政府在执行《海域使用管理法》时所犯的侵权案件。另外一类是渔业权制度本身的问题，主要表现为政府职能没转变，执法权力不集中，渔民权益保障制度未建立等。据此笔者提出了建立渔业综合管理体制，，深化我国渔业行政管理领域的事业单位改革，以及建立生计渔业制度，发挥渔会组织在渔业管理中的作用等建议。
[Abstract]:The fishery right system is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. The major fishery countries and regions in the world are striving to construct a set of advanced fishery rights legal system in order to ensure the sustainable development of fishery resources while developing fishery economy and protecting fishermen's rights. The research on fishery right system in Chinese academic circles is still very backward, which is manifested in the following aspects: firstly, there is a deviation in the understanding of the legal nature of fishery right from the mainstream view. In addition, there is a wrong tendency to take full privatization on how to solve the problem of fishery rights. Finally, on the reform of the legal system of fishery rights, some people have wrongly advocated that the fishery administrative team should be reintegrated into the civil service management system. Based on the analysis of the legal nature of fishery rights, it is concluded that the reform of the legal system of fishery rights is the fundamental guarantee for the development of fishery rights. It also advocates that deepening the reform of institutions in China's fishery management system is the correct way to meet the needs of the world trend and reality. At present, domestic understanding of the nature of fishery rights can be divided into public right theory, private right theory and compromise theory. Among them, the public right theory is the least marketable, the more popular view is the private right theory and the private right theory with the public right color. This is related to the stipulation of "the right to engage in farming and fishing" in the usufruct of Real right Law. In fact, from the fisheries laws of Japan and Taiwan, fishery rights should be quasi-real rights. Quasi-real right is actually a mixed right, "partial public" or "biased" as a specific type of quasi-real right. In addition, the fishery quota system adopted by European and American countries has obvious public law attribute. Therefore, China should establish a "three-dimensional" fishery right with "public and private co-existence and public power first", and the reform of fishery administration system plays an important role in the development of fishery right system. The problems existing in the legal system of fishery rights in our country can be divided into two categories: one is "visible unreasonableness", that is, the illegal and illegal activities of the relevant government departments in the fishery administration, A typical example is a case of infringement committed by some local governments in the enforcement of the Law on the use of Sea areas. The other is the fishery right system itself, which mainly shows that the government function has not changed, the law enforcement power is not centralized, and the protection system of fishermen's rights and interests has not been established. Based on this, the author puts forward some suggestions, such as establishing a comprehensive fishery management system, deepening the reform of public institutions in the field of fishery administration in China, establishing a system of subsistence fishery, and giving full play to the role of fishery association organizations in fisheries management.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F326.4;D922.4

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