论网络谣言的行政法规制

发布时间：2018-12-23 10:16

【摘要】：从人类社会诞生起,谣言便作为一种社会现象广泛存在于每一个历史时期及文化形态中,在文字出现前,口口相传已成为人类沟通、交流的唯一手段,因此也被称为“最古老的媒介”。随着时代的发展,在互联网技术的迅猛发展、自然灾害多发、社会矛盾集中等背景下,各类谣言也通过网络平台迅速传播,网络谣言的现象也由此产生和发展起来,网络谣言成为当下中国不可忽视的负面现象。网络谣言是在网络媒介中广泛传播开的未经证实的叙事观点或评论。它的核心在于是一种未经证实的言论,可能是虚假的,也可能具有一定的事实根据。与传统的谣言相比,网络谣言具有更大的现实危害性:扰乱社会秩序,危害社会稳定;影响社会经济,损害公民集体利益;造成行业损失;危害国家政权,降低政府公信力。本文通过分析行政法规制网络谣言的法律基础、与言论自由的利益进行衡量、比较于其他方式的优势,最主要是从目前行政法规制的立法和实施现状入着手,借鉴国外规制网络谣言的先进经验,总结性的提出了完善网络谣言行政法规制的战略性措施,即确立网络谣言行政法规制的原则;建立网络信息公开管理机构;制定《网络谣言管理条例》;完善网络谣言行政侵权救济制度。网络谣言行政法规制的基本原则主要包括公共利益原则、程序正当性原则、比例原则;建立网络信息公开管理机构需要打破传统行政权运行模式,建立适应知识经济时代的行政权运行模式;同时,为了阻止事态恶化,保障公民权利,必须立即完善网络立法,提高违法成本,制定《网络谣言管理条例》是当务之急;行政救济制度的完善包括行政复议、行政诉讼和行政赔偿三大方面,在更好保障公民的言论自由利益的的同时,将网络谣言纳入法律尤其是行政法规制的轨道,这是新形势下管理网络谣言的至关重要的一环。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of human society, rumors as a social phenomenon widely exist in every historical period and cultural form. Before the appearance of words, word of mouth has become the only means of human communication and communication. It is therefore also known as the "oldest medium". With the development of the times, under the background of the rapid development of Internet technology, the frequent natural disasters, and the concentration of social contradictions, all kinds of rumors spread rapidly through the network platform, and the phenomenon of network rumors also came into being and developed. Internet rumors have become a negative phenomenon that can not be ignored in China. Internet rumors are unconfirmed narrative views or comments that are widely disseminated in the network media. Its core lies in an unconfirmed statement, which may be false or have some factual basis. Compared with the traditional rumor, the network rumor has more realistic harmfulness: disturbing the social order, endangering the social stability, affecting the social economy, harming the citizens' collective interests, causing industry losses, harming the state power and reducing the government's credibility. Based on the analysis of the legal basis of the network rumor system of administrative laws and regulations, and the interests of freedom of speech, this paper compares the advantages of other ways, mainly from the current legislation and implementation of the administrative regulations system into the current situation. Drawing lessons from the advanced experience of foreign countries to regulate the network rumor, this paper puts forward the strategic measures to perfect the administrative regulation system of the network rumor, that is, to establish the principle of the network rumor administrative regulation system; Establish network information publicity management organization, formulate "network rumor management regulations", improve the network rumor administrative tort relief system. The basic principles of the administrative regulation system of network rumor mainly include the principle of public interest, the principle of procedural legitimacy and the principle of proportion; It is necessary to break the traditional mode of operation of administrative power and to set up the mode of operation of administrative power to adapt to the era of knowledge economy. At the same time, in order to prevent the deterioration of the situation and protect the rights of citizens, we must immediately improve the network legislation, increase the illegal costs, and formulate the "regulations of Network rumor Management" is the top priority; The perfection of the administrative relief system includes three aspects: administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation and administrative compensation. While better protecting citizens' freedom of speech, they should bring online rumors into the track of laws, especially administrative regulations. This is a crucial link in managing online rumors under the new situation.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.16

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