不当生命之诉与人格利益保护

发布时间：2019-03-26 19:35

【摘要】：不当生命之诉是指医方在对孕妇的产前检查中因过失未能向其提供有关胎儿先天性缺陷的信息,子女于出生后因先天性缺陷向医方提出的民事诉讼。中国各地法院对于不当生命之诉的裁判有肯定和否定两种结果,争议的焦点在于原告是否有应受法律保护的损害。在比较法上,对此也有肯定和否定两种观点。法国最高法院关于支持不当生命之诉的判例为立法所推翻,德国、英国的法院从拒绝对生命价值进行评断的视角否定不当生命之诉的正当性。以色列最高法院对此的立场从肯定转为否定,而荷兰和美国少数州的法院抱持肯定的立场。通过考察可知,不当生命之诉中受到侵害的并非父母权益、子女生命或者先天性残疾本身,而是维持有尊严之生存的人格利益。其损害赔偿的范围应当包括因残疾造成的额外费用以及原告的精神损害赔偿,不包括惩罚性赔偿。不当生命之诉的损害赔偿不应与原告生存的精神利益实行损益相抵,且应与不当出生之诉相区分。
[Abstract]:Improper life action refers to a civil action filed by a child after birth for congenital defects due to the failure of the medical party to provide them with information about the congenital defects of the fetus in the prenatal examination of the pregnant woman. Courts all over China have both positive and negative results in the adjudication of improper life action. The focus of the dispute lies in whether plaintiff should be protected by the law or not. In comparative law, there are also positive and negative views on this. The jurisprudence of the French Supreme Court in support of the claim of improper life was overturned by legislation. The courts of Germany and Britain denied the legitimacy of the claim of improper life from the perspective of refusing to judge the value of life. Israel's Supreme Court moved from affirmative to negative, while courts in a few states in the Netherlands and the United States took a positive stance. Through investigation, it can be seen that it is not the parents' rights and interests, the children's life or the congenital disability itself that are infringed in the claim of improper life, but the personal interest of maintaining the dignified survival. The scope of damages should include additional costs due to disability and mental damages by plaintiff, excluding punitive damages. The damages of improper life claims should not be offset by the spiritual interests of plaintiff's existence, but should be distinguished from those of improper birth.
【作者单位】：山东大学法学院;
【基金】：2016年度国家法治与法学理论研究项目“患者的适当医疗权——过度医疗的民法规制”(项目编号:16SFB2033) 2015年山东大学人文社科青年团队项目“民法典人格权立法研究”(项目编号:IFYT15021)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D912.1

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