集体土地内部违法使用的对策研究

发布时间：2019-07-04 18:38

【摘要】：回溯历史，土地问题一直是上至历代统治者、下至黎民百姓最为关注的问题，问题解决的好坏决定了历史的走向；窥视今朝，土地仍然嵌套着与农民固有的生存逻辑，成为保障国家粮食安全的着力点，更是维持农村地区良好的生态环境和促进新农村建设可持续发展的关键点；展望未来，，土地问题决定着土地资源所承载的经济利益、社会利益和生态利益能否和谐统一，生态文明理念与可持续发展观能否贯彻落实。土地产权“二元”形态背景下，即国家所有与集体所有分离，集体所有与农民使用分离。国家所有产权初始界定考量的因素为国家对土地的控制与保护，行政主体通常为违法主体，并且伴随着行政权的扩张向集体土地蔓延。在严格的国有土地使用制度及法律、法规预设下，行政主体土地违法行为受到了有效遏制。但是在新农村建设和发展现代农业背影下，集体土地内部违法，即村委会和村民个人违法使用土地的行为呈现出逐步扩大的趋势。本文顺应土地违法的新形势，即集体土地内部违法，从主体、行为、原因和对策等四个方面就行探究。采取规范与实证分析相结合法、文献研究等方法，文章共分五个部分，现对各部分的内容作简要概述：第一部分是导论部分，包括研究的背景、目的与意义、研究的依据、国内外文献研究综述、研究内容与方法以及研究的思路和创新点。第二部分集体土地内部使用的法律依据，包括相关法律概念和法律规定。第三部分集体土地违法使用现状分析，包括现状、违法行为的种类以及违法行为的特征。第四部分探讨集体土地违法使用的原因，包括土地权利配置效率低下、土地使用权的增值渠道不畅、土地执法机制的缺陷、集体土地资源救济手段衔接机制尚未建立以及土地资源保护的内生动力机制不足。第五部分为集体土地违法使用的规制，包括提高土地权利配置效率、完善土地权利制度、健全土地执法机制、构建多元化的纠纷解决机制，探索以社区为主导的资源保护模式以及生态文明视角下的土地资源保护意识的培育。文章并没有遵循集体土地违法的外部主体，即以行政主体为代表的行政权力向集体土地蔓延的趋势，而是以更为隐蔽的集体土地内部主体为研究重点。认为集体土地的所有者或者直接使用者违法使用集体土地的行为隐蔽性较强、调查取证难度大，对弱势群体违法不予追究的实践逻辑应予以纠正。集体土地违法行为屡禁不止反映出当前我国集体土地产权不清晰的现实，提高产权配置效率和创新土地产权制度是必要的。提出制度边缘化理论，主要是为了解决法律制度约束特定地域违法主体的机制本身存在的不足，多元化的问题解决机制是可行的。文章发现对土地资源的违法与破坏也是土地使用者法律意识淡薄，生态文明意识培育不足的体现。制度诱导与生态驱动相结合，充分发挥各自的制度优势，相互激励，增强土地资源保护的内生动力才能从根本上遏制违法行为的发生。
[Abstract]:Back in history, the land problem has always been the most important issue of the rulers of the past dynasties and the people of the lower and the Li people, and the problem solved is the trend of the history; the land is still nested with the living logic inherent to the peasants, and has become the point of focus for guaranteeing the food security of the country, It is also the key to maintain the good ecological environment in the rural areas and to promote the sustainable development of the new rural areas, and to look to the future, the land issue determines whether the economic benefits, the social interests and the ecological interests carried by the land resources can be harmonized and unified, The concept of ecological civilization and the sustainable development view can be implemented. In that background of the "binary" of the land property right, that is, the state and the collective are all separated, and the collective ownership and the peasant use the separation. The factors of the initial definition of the state's property rights are the state's control and protection of the land, the administrative subject is usually the illegal subject, and the expansion of the executive power is spread to the collective land. Under the condition of strict state-owned land use system and laws and regulations, the administrative subject land illegal act has been effectively restrained. However, under the background of the new rural construction and the development of modern agriculture, the illegal use of land in the collective land, that is, the illegal use of land by the village committee and the villagers. This paper is in accordance with the new situation of land illegal, that is, the internal violation of the collective land, from the main body, the act, the reason and the countermeasure. The article is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction part, including the background, purpose and significance of the study, the basis of the research, the domestic and foreign literature research heddle The research contents and methods and the thought and innovation of the research Point. The legal basis for the internal use of the second part of the collective land, including the relevant legal concepts and legal rules A. Analysis of the current situation of the illegal use of collective land in the third part, including the current situation, the type of the illegal act and the amount of the illegal act The fourth part discusses the causes of the illegal use of the collective land, including the inefficient allocation of land rights, the lack of the value-added channel of the right to use the land, the defect of the land law enforcement mechanism, the failure of the linking mechanism of the collective land resource relief means, and the endogenous power mechanism of the protection of the land resources. The fifth part is the regulation of the illegal use of the collective land, including the improvement of the land rights allocation efficiency, the improvement of the land rights system, the improvement of the land law enforcement mechanism and the establishment of a diversified dispute resolution machine. On the System of the Protection of the Land Resources under the View of the Community-led Resource Protection Mode and the Ecological Civilization; The article does not follow the external main body of the illegal collective land, i.e. the tendency of the administrative power represented by the administrative subject to spread to the collective land, but it is the main subject of the more hidden collective land. The key point of the study is that the owner of the collective land or the direct user's illegal use of the collective land is concealed, the investigation and evidence collection is difficult, and the practice logic for the non-prosecution of the vulnerable groups should be In ord to correct that illegal act of collective land, it can not only reflect the reality that the property right of the collective land of our country is not clear, and improve the efficiency of the property right allocation and the property right system of the innovation land. It is necessary to put forward the theory of system marginalization, which is mainly to solve the problems existing in the mechanism of the legal system to restrain the subject of the specific area, and the mechanism of the problem solving is to solve the problem. It is feasible to find out that the illegal and the destruction of the land resources are also the light of the land user's legal consciousness, and the cultivation of the ecological civilization is not enough. The combination of the system induction and the eco-drive to give full play to the respective system advantages and mutual excitation, and enhance the endogenous power of the land resource protection can fundamentally contain the illegal act
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.3

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