论我国《食品安全法》中惩罚性损害赔偿制度的完善
发布时间：2019-07-08 12:02
【摘要】：惩罚性损害赔偿制度发端于英国，却在美国得到更为长足的发展，该制度允许受害人以其为依据取得高于实际损害的赔偿金额，对于维护消费者权益，更好地实现社会的公平正义具有良好的作用。我国法律中也有带有惩罚性损害赔偿金色彩的规定，例如《消费者权益保护法》的“双倍”赔偿、《最高人民法院关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》的“购房款一倍”制度、《侵权责任法》的“相应的惩罚性赔偿”以及《食品安全法》中的“十倍”赔偿制度。在此本文主要以《食品安全法》的相关规定来阐述该制度在我国的引入和发展运用。近年来，，大规模的食品安全事件频发，桩桩件件耸人听闻，即使是备受期待的《食品安全法》的颁布，仍然未能遏制住这种态势，究其原因主要是因为食品安全事故导致的侵害事件存在着举证困难、保存实物难等问题，作为一名普通的消费者很难追究，而且通过诉讼维权成本大，耗时过长，也是大多消费者宁愿选择“吃哑巴亏”的原因之一。 本文主要分为四个部分来进行论述，开篇主要论述的是惩罚性损害赔偿制度的概念与特点、主要功能以及制度化的基本经验,其中对于惩罚性损害赔偿制度的特点主要是通过与其他的赔偿制度的比较得出，主要功能则是参考王利明教授的四功能理论概括而出；之后在第二部分则是通过论述法律的价值诉求和食品安全的现实严峻性来分析我国《食品安全法》中引入惩罚性损害赔偿制度的合法性基础；然后第三部分则着重分析了我国当前《食品安全法》中关于惩罚性损害赔偿制度的立法现状以及存在的主要问题，包括惩罚标准缺乏弹性、惩罚性赔偿金计算基数欠妥、消费者举证困难、消费者的概念范围不明确，食品安全的适用标准不完善等在内的六个问题；文章的最后则是在上述理论的基础上，笔者作出了在完善归责标准的同时，参照英美，建立惩罚性赔偿金额的弹性模式并以实际损害作为赔偿基准，同时扩充权利主体的范围，构建私人监控网络等的构建和改进《食品安全法》中的惩罚性损害赔偿制度的浅显建议。
[Abstract]:The punitive damages system originated in the UK, but it has been developed in the United States. The system allows the victim to obtain the compensation amount higher than the actual damage based on it, and has a good effect on the maintenance of the consumer's rights and interests and the better realization of the fairness and justice of the society. In our country, there are also provisions on the color of punitive damages, such as the "double" compensation of the Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Act, the "double the amount of money" system of the Supreme People's Court on the interpretation of a number of issues concerning the application of the law applicable to the dispute over the commercial housing sales and sales contract, The "corresponding punitive damages" of the Tort Liability Law> and the "tenfold" compensation system in the Food Safety Law. In this paper, the introduction and development of the system in our country are set forth in the article mainly on the relevant provisions of the Food Safety Law. In recent years, large-scale food security incidents are frequent, and the pile-pile parts shrug, even the much-awaited enactment of the Food Safety Law, still fails to contain the situation, mainly because of the difficulty in the proof of evidence caused by food safety accidents, As a common consumer, it is hard to hold the problem, and it is also one of the reasons why most consumers prefer to choose the "to be a mute". This paper is mainly divided into four parts, which are mainly discussed in this paper, which are the concept and characteristics of the punitive damages system, the main function and the basic principle of institutionalization. The characteristics of the punitive damages system are mainly based on the comparison with other compensation systems, and the main functions are summarized by the four-function theory of professor Wang Liming. The second part is to analyze the legality of the punitive damages system introduced in the Food Safety Law of China by discussing the value demands of the law and the real severity of the food safety. The third part is to analyze the current legislation status and main problems of the system of punitive damages in China's current Food Safety Law, including the lack of elasticity of the punishment standard, the defect of the calculation base of the punitive damages, and the difficulty of the consumer's proof of proof. The article is based on the above-mentioned theory, and the author makes a reference to the article on the basis of the above-mentioned theory. The American, the establishment of the elastic model of the punitive damages amount and the actual damage as the compensation standard, at the same time the scope of the right main body, the construction of the private monitoring network, etc. and the shallow construction of the punitive damages system in the Food Safety Law
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16;D923
本文编号：2511569
[Abstract]:The punitive damages system originated in the UK, but it has been developed in the United States. The system allows the victim to obtain the compensation amount higher than the actual damage based on it, and has a good effect on the maintenance of the consumer's rights and interests and the better realization of the fairness and justice of the society. In our country, there are also provisions on the color of punitive damages, such as the "double" compensation of the Consumer Rights and Interests Protection Act, the "double the amount of money" system of the Supreme People's Court on the interpretation of a number of issues concerning the application of the law applicable to the dispute over the commercial housing sales and sales contract, The "corresponding punitive damages" of the Tort Liability Law> and the "tenfold" compensation system in the Food Safety Law. In this paper, the introduction and development of the system in our country are set forth in the article mainly on the relevant provisions of the Food Safety Law. In recent years, large-scale food security incidents are frequent, and the pile-pile parts shrug, even the much-awaited enactment of the Food Safety Law, still fails to contain the situation, mainly because of the difficulty in the proof of evidence caused by food safety accidents, As a common consumer, it is hard to hold the problem, and it is also one of the reasons why most consumers prefer to choose the "to be a mute". This paper is mainly divided into four parts, which are mainly discussed in this paper, which are the concept and characteristics of the punitive damages system, the main function and the basic principle of institutionalization. The characteristics of the punitive damages system are mainly based on the comparison with other compensation systems, and the main functions are summarized by the four-function theory of professor Wang Liming. The second part is to analyze the legality of the punitive damages system introduced in the Food Safety Law of China by discussing the value demands of the law and the real severity of the food safety. The third part is to analyze the current legislation status and main problems of the system of punitive damages in China's current Food Safety Law, including the lack of elasticity of the punishment standard, the defect of the calculation base of the punitive damages, and the difficulty of the consumer's proof of proof. The article is based on the above-mentioned theory, and the author makes a reference to the article on the basis of the above-mentioned theory. The American, the establishment of the elastic model of the punitive damages amount and the actual damage as the compensation standard, at the same time the scope of the right main body, the construction of the private monitoring network, etc. and the shallow construction of the punitive damages system in the Food Safety Law
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16;D923
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