专利制度中的先用权研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 18:11

本文选题：先用权　切入点：抗辩权　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：专利制度是最早被立法者所认可并建立的一项知识产权制度，1同时因其所调整的是生产力中最为活跃的要素，在各类知识产权制度中又是一项“最年轻”，“最有活力”的制度。2它的建立推动了科学技术的进步，促进了新技术的应用，将科学技术转化为强大的生产力，进而促进了经济的飞速发展和社会的进步。但是由于绝大多数国家采取先申请制，即对于同样的发明创造，，将专利权授予最先提出申请的人，这样可能出现的问题是：真正的第一个作出该发明创造的人可能因未及时提出申请而无法获得专利权。这对那些先发明人来说是不公平的，会挫伤人们进行技术开发的积极性，也与《专利法》“鼓励发明创造，提高创新能力，促进科学技术进步和经济社会发展”的立法目的不相符合。因此有必要建立一个合理的平衡制度来保护先发明人的权利，这个平衡制度就是先用权制度。我国专利法第69条第（2）项规定了先用权制度，2009年颁布并从2010年1月开始实施的《最高人民法院关于审理侵犯专利权纠纷案件应用法律若干问题的解释》对先用权制度又进行了进一步完善。但目前实践中利用先用权抗辩成功的案例很少，学术界对先用权的研究也不十分充分。对于先用权的性质、“原有范围”、“相同产品和方法”、“必要准备”、“继续使用、制造”等概念还存在很多争议。对先用权抗辩在实际应用中需要注意的问题还没有深入探讨。本文将从应用性角度出发，首先就先用权的基本理论进行阐述，包括概念和性质等方面，然后再阐述产生先用权的条件、先用权的效力，最后探讨在运用先用权进行抗辩时需要注意的问题。在笔者本人提出的主要观点或者赞同的观点之后，均列举实践中的真实案例予以佐证，紧扣应用这个基本出发点。第一部分为先用权的基本理论。首先，简介先用权的概念。其次，分析先用权的性质，该部分为本章的重点，确定先用权的性质是明确获得先用权的条件以及适用先用权范围的基础。最后，介绍其他国家的先用权制度，为我国继续完善先用权制度提供不同的思路。第二部分为先用权的产生条件。从先用权产生的时间条件、地域条件、被实施发明创造的来源以及先用行为的具体范围等方面明确具备哪些条件才能享有先用权。本章中先用行为的具体界定是论述的重点。第三部分为先用权的效力。在具备先用权产生的条件，获得了先用权之后，在享受先用权时不是毫无边界的，先用权有它自身的效力范围。特别要明确原有范围的含义以及继续制造、使用的含义。第四部分为先用权抗辩。重点介绍在专利纠纷中如何适用先用权抗辩。
[Abstract]:Patent system is an intellectual property system that was first recognized and established by the legislator. At the same time, because of its adjustment, it is the most active element in the productive forces, and it is also the "youngest" among all kinds of intellectual property rights systems.The establishment of the "most dynamic" system has promoted the progress of science and technology, promoted the application of new technologies, and transformed science and technology into strong productive forces, thus promoting the rapid development of economy and the progress of society.But because most countries apply first, that is, for the same inventions, patent rights are granted to the first applicant.The problem is that the real first person who made the invention may not be able to obtain a patent because he failed to file his application in time.This is unfair to the first inventors, discourages people's enthusiasm for technological development, and the Patent Law "encourages invention and improves innovation."The legislative purpose of promoting scientific and technological progress and economic and social development is inconsistent.Therefore, it is necessary to establish a reasonable balance system to protect the rights of the first inventor.Article 69 (2) of the Patent Law of China provides for the system of preemptive right. The interpretation of the Supreme people's Court on the Application of Law in cases of Patent infringement issued in 2009 and implemented since January 2010The system has been further improved.However, there are few successful cases in the practice of defending the prior right, and the academic research on the prior right is not very sufficient.There are still many controversies about the nature of preemptive power, "original scope", "same product and method", "necessary preparation", "continued use, manufacture" and so on.The problems that need to be paid attention to in the practical application of the defense of prior use right have not been discussed in depth.In this paper, from the perspective of application, the basic theory of first use right is expounded, including the concept and nature, and then the conditions under which the prior use right is produced, and the effectiveness of the first use right.Finally, the paper discusses the problems that should be paid attention to when applying the right of first use to defend.After the author put forward the main point of view or agree with the point of view, they all enumerate the real cases in practice to prove, clinging to the basic starting point of application.The first part is the basic theory of preemptive power.Firstly, the concept of preemptive power is briefly introduced.Secondly, it analyzes the nature of preemptive right, which is the focus of this chapter, and determines that the nature of preemptive right is the basis of clear conditions for obtaining preemptive right and the scope of application of preemptive right.Finally, it introduces the first-use right system of other countries, and provides different ideas for our country to continue to perfect the first-use right system.The second part is the production conditions of preemptive right.From the aspects of the time condition, the regional condition, the source of the invention and creation and the specific scope of the prior use right, it is clear which conditions can be obtained to enjoy the prior use right.In this chapter, the specific definition of behavior is the focus of the discussion.The third part is the effect of preemptive right.After obtaining the first use right, the first use right has its own scope of effectiveness.In particular, it is necessary to clarify the meaning of the original scope and the meaning of continued manufacture and use.The fourth part is the defense of prior right.This paper mainly introduces how to apply prior right defense in patent dispute.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.42

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