基于交易成本的小微企业贷款模式研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 12:20

本文关键词： 小微企业贷款交易成本循环贷款　出处：《东北财经大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：已有的文献大多把小微企业贷款难的问题归结我小微企业自身的问题,如缺乏抵押品、经营风险高、信息不规范、组织结构不完善等原因。实际上,这些是小微企业的固有特性,银行要去开发适应这种特性的信贷产品和服务,这是银行存在的价值和盈利来源。本文在对中国人民银行、宜信的调研报告的分析研究中得出,交易成本和信贷供求不匹配是制约小微贷款业务发展的重要原因,而信贷供需不匹配又是由交易成本所引起的。科斯定理指出,只要财产权是明确的,并且交易成本为零或者很小,那么,无论在开始时将财产权赋予谁,市场均衡的最终结果都是有效率的,实现资源配置的帕累托最优。然而,在现实世界中,科斯定理所要求的前提往往是不存在的,财产权的明确是很困难的,交易成本也不可能为零,有时甚至是比较大的。科斯定理提出了交易费用对制度安排的影响,为人们在经济生活中作出关于产权安排的决策提供了有效的方法。根据交易费用理论的观点,市场机制的运行是有成本的,制度的使用、安排和变更是有成本的,一切制度安排的产生及其变更都离不开交易费用的影响。由于小微企业贷款额度少,贷款周期短,交易成本对小微贷款有重要影响。本文基于相关金融机构的市场调研数据或实际财务报告,用大量的实际数据研究小微企业贷款问题,从现实出发,研究更具合理性和现实性。首次用实际数据来研究交易成本在银行向小微企业贷款中对资产收益的影响。同时,还结合了这几年最热的网络信贷模式——阿里金融,用模型推导信用卡循环放贷模式的机制创新,从而为商业银行服务小微企业提供新的工具。单笔小微企业贷款的交易费用很难度量,基于数据的可获得性和准确性,本文采用中国农业银行2012年的财务数据,计算县城和城市(除县城外)的贷款业务成本占利息收入的比率,从而得出额度小的贷款业务成本高的结论,说明贷款额度是影响银行资产收益率的重要因素。商业银行经营的直接目标是实现自身盈利,只有向小微企业贷款有利可图的情况下,银行才会持久地服务小微企业。由于小微企业贷款额度小、周期短,导致银行向小微企业贷款交易成本很高。银行为了自身的利益,在其他条件同等的情况下,优先选择向贷款交易成本低的大中型企业发放贷款,从而使小微企业合理的贷款需求受到抑制。本文对贷款业务发生的成本做了一些简化假设,用公式推导循环贷款模式与常规贷款模式成本收益的差异,得出循环贷款模式能有效地降低贷款的交易成本的结论。分析了信用卡循环贷款降低交易费用的原因,指出信用卡循环贷款可以广泛地被推广服务于小微企业。近几年随着互联网金融的兴起,阿里金融小微信贷也得到市场的认可。阿里金融的贷款模式正是基于电子商务的循环贷款,本文对其发展模式进行研究,分析其循环贷款模式的运行状况,及其对降低贷款交易费用发挥的作用。研究发现,阿里金融网络循环贷款极大地降低了借贷双方的交易费用,提高了融资效率,说明循环贷款模式是可以有效推广。最后提出银行应该积极进行业务和工具的创新,阿里金融的良好运行说明,银行在提高贷款的效率,降低交易成本方面大有可为。
[Abstract]:The existing literature mostly put down Small and micro businesses loans difficult problem I Small and micro businesses for their own problems, such as lack of collateral, risk management, information is not standardized, the organization structure is not perfect. In fact, these are the inherent characteristics of Small and micro businesses, banks should adapt to the development of the characteristics of credit products and services this is the value of the bank, and the source of profit. In this paper, the people's Bank of Chinese, the investigation and analysis of the report should believe in the transaction cost and credit supply and demand does not match the constraints of small and micro loans an important reason for business development, and credit is the mismatch between supply and demand caused by the transaction cost.
Kos pointed out that as long as the property theorem, is clear, and the transaction cost is zero or very small, so, no matter in the beginning will give the property who, the final results of the market equilibrium is efficient, to achieve the Pareto optimal allocation of resources. However, in the real world, the premise of Kos theorem needs there is no clear property right, it is very difficult, the transaction costs can not be zero, sometimes even is relatively large. The Kos theorem proposed transaction cost on the impact of institutional arrangement, for people to make decisions about the property rights arrangement provides an effective method in the economic life. According to the theory of transaction cost point of view, the market mechanism is a cost, system arrangement and change of use, there is the cost of the impact and change all cannot do without the transaction costs of all institutional arrangements. Because Small and micro businesses loans Less, the loan cycle is short, and transaction costs have an important impact on small and micro loans.
The market research data related to financial institutions or financial report based on the actual, with a large number of actual data of Small and micro businesses loans, from the practical point of view, the research is more reasonable and practical. With the actual data for the first time to study the transaction costs in the bank to Small and micro businesses loans on the asset returns. At the same time, also with the recent years the hottest Internet credit model, Ali financial mechanism innovation cycle with lending patterns derived from the model of credit card, so as to provide a new tool for commercial banking services Small and micro businesses.
Single Small and micro businesses loan transaction cost is difficult to measure, data availability and accuracy based on the financial data of the Agricultural Bank of Chinese 2012, calculation of town and city (except the county) lending costs as a percentage of interest income, so that the amount of small business loans to the high cost of conclusion. That the loan amount is an important factor affecting the bank asset return. The direct target of commercial banks is to realize their own profit, only to Small and micro businesses loans profitable situation, the bank will continuously serve small and micro enterprises. Small and micro businesses because the loan amount is small, short cycle, causing the bank to Small and micro businesses loan transactions the cost is very high. The bank for their own interests, in other conditions under the condition of the same priority loans to loan low transaction costs, large and medium-sized enterprises, so as to make reasonable Small and micro businesses The demand for loans has been suppressed.
This paper makes some simplifying assumptions about the cost of loans, with the difference formula of the revolving loan mode and conventional loans cost income, the revolving loan model can effectively reduce the transaction costs of the loan. The conclusion of analysis of credit card revolving loans reduce the transaction cost, pointed out that the credit card revolving loan can be widely by extension services to the small and micro enterprises.
In recent years, with the rise of Internet banking, financial Ali small micro credit has also been recognized by the market. Ali financial loan mode is revolving loan based on electronic commerce, this paper make a research on the development mode, analysis of the revolving loan mode of operation condition, and to reduce the loan transaction cost function. The study found that Ali financial network revolving loan greatly reduces the debit transaction cost, improve the efficiency of financing, that revolving loan mode can be effectively promoted.
Finally, it is proposed that banks should actively innovate business and tools. The good operation of Ali finance shows that banks have great potential in improving loan efficiency and reducing transaction costs.

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832.4

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