基于遥感影像的城市扩展研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 07:00

本文关键词： 西安城市扩展动态监测驱动力遥感　出处：《长安大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在城市扩展这个复杂的时空转换过程中，会有多种利用类型的土地逐渐的转化为城市建设用地，，最终导致城市规模不断扩大。城市建设用地的不断扩大会对城市的建设发展有影响，城市范围内的生态环境也会受到很大影响。所以当前研究的热点之一就是对城市扩张进行研究。通过新兴的科技手段来进行城市扩张监测已是当务之急。目前，地理信息系统与遥感的应用技术飞速发展，利用航空遥感影像以及遥感影像的解译方法来研究城市扩展，与传统研究土地利用动态监测的方法比较，具有很大的优势。为了研究城市扩展的系列问题，本文首先对国内外同类研究成果进行收集、总结，对城市扩展的动力机制及扩展模式进行分析，以陕西省省会西安市为研究对象，采用1995年、2002年两期的TM影像和2010年的环境一号卫星遥感影像作为主要的数据源，对城市建成区的边界进行提取，对西安市城区扩展的动态变化情况和推动城市扩张的原因等方面的相关技术和规律进行了研究。本文主要对以下内容进行了研究： (1)对提取城市扩展信息的方法进行研究。本文选取了三种方法：面向对象法、非监督分类法和基于最大似然法的监督分类法。对这三种方法进行对比研究，从中选择分类效果好的分类方法来进行城市扩展外轮廓信息提取。 (2)对城市扩展过程中的城市土地时空变化情况进行研究。从城市建成区扩展数量、形态、空间差异、扩展合理性等四个方面研究西安市城市扩展的速度与方向。 (3)对城市扩展驱动机制进行研究。分别选择样本城市的几大社会经济因素如：人口类、经济产值类、人民生活类、交通类等，来对西安城市扩展进行驱动力机制分析。进过研究得出主要结论如下：（1）利用选取的三种方法进行研究区域内的城市扩展外轮廓信息提取，经过研究分析认为面向对象法在用于提取建成区边界时是效果比较好的。（2）自1995年到2010年这段时间内，西安市城市建成区的重心位置发生了一些移动，先朝着西北方向移动，之后朝着西南方向移动。（3）随着现代社会的高速度发展，西安市城市建成区的占地面积同时也在逐渐增大，并且不同区域在不同时期内的变化态势也有很大差异。（4）本文通过对西安市1995－2010年间统计资料进行分析，认为主要是经济、交通和人口这三个因素是推动西安城市扩展的主要驱动因子。
[Abstract]:In the process of complex space-time conversion, there will be a variety of land use into urban construction land gradually. Finally, it will lead to the continuous expansion of urban scale. The continuous expansion of urban construction land will have an impact on the development of urban construction. The ecological environment in the city scope will also be greatly affected. Therefore, one of the current research hotspots is to study the urban expansion. It is urgent to monitor the urban expansion through the new scientific and technological means. With the rapid development of GIS and remote sensing application technology, the interpretation method of aerial remote sensing image and remote sensing image is used to study urban expansion, which is compared with the traditional method of land use dynamic monitoring. Have a great advantage. In order to study the series of problems of urban expansion, this paper firstly collects and summarizes the similar research results at home and abroad, and analyzes the dynamic mechanism and expansion mode of urban expansion. Taking Xi'an city, the capital of Shaanxi Province, as the research object, the TM images of 1995 and 2002 and the environmental 1 satellite remote sensing images of 2010 were used as the main data sources. In this paper, the boundary of urban districts is extracted, and the dynamic changes of urban expansion and the causes of urban expansion in Xi'an are studied. The main contents of this paper are as follows: This paper selects three methods: Object-Oriented method. The unsupervised classification method and the supervised classification method based on the maximum likelihood method are compared and studied, and the classification method with good classification effect is selected to extract the information of the outer contour of the city expansion. 2) to study the spatial and temporal changes of urban land in the process of urban expansion. This paper studies the speed and direction of Xi'an city expansion from four aspects, such as the rationality of expansion. 3) study on the driving mechanism of urban expansion. Select several social and economic factors of sample cities such as population, economic output value, people's life, transportation and so on. To analyze the driving force mechanism of Xi'an urban expansion. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) using the three selected methods to extract the outer contour information of urban expansion in the study area. Through the research and analysis, it is considered that the object-oriented method is a good method for extracting the boundary of the built area.) from 1995 to 2010, the method is effective. The center of gravity of Xi'an city building area has been moved, first to the northwest, then to the southwest.) with the development of modern society, the center of gravity has developed at a high speed. At the same time, the area of Xi'an urban built-up area is increasing gradually. And different regions in different periods of change in the situation is also very different.) this paper through the analysis of the statistical data from 1995 to 2010 in Xi'an, think that it is mainly the economy. Transportation and population are the main driving factors to promote Xi'an urban expansion.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P237;TU984

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