沸石基调湿材料的制备与性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 02:28

本文选题：沸石　切入点：改性处理　出处：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：空气湿度是与人类生活和生产密切相关的重要环境参数，不适宜的空气湿度会严重降低人体的舒适度及生活质量，危害工业生产及物品存储。传统调控湿度的材料和设备都只是单一的吸湿或者放湿，还具有无法重复利用、非智能性，成本高、能耗大、污染环境等缺点，不符合建筑节能和可持续发展战略的要求。而沸石具备内部微孔数量多、孔径分布广、比表面积大、吸附性能好、无毒无害、来源广、工艺简单成本低、放湿无滞后、再生能力强、使用寿命长，同时还具有一定水化活性，可直接用于现有建筑材料中等优点，是可兼顾各方面要求的调湿材料。由于沸石微孔数量多、孔径范围分布广，其吸湿量小，对湿度的调节没有针对性，因而限制了其在调湿方面的应用。适宜人们生活工作的环境湿度为中等相对湿度（40-60%），该湿度下吸湿主要发生在材料的孔径为3-50纳米的中孔部分，且水分在调湿材料中吸附、凝结时填充孔径的大小是从小到大，蒸发或者脱附的发生孔径是从大到小，因此在提高沸石吸湿量的同时，还需调整其孔结构，使中孔数量多，大小孔比例适宜，连通性好。本文从孔结构的调控出发通过粉磨、热、酸、碱及综合改性等方法处理对沸石进行孔结构设计，在此基础上采用反相悬浮法将聚丙烯酸钠树脂合成在沸石内孔表面，制备改性沸石与聚丙烯酸钠树脂的复合调湿组分，将所得的沸石－聚丙烯酸钠树脂调湿组分应用到水泥砂浆中，制备具有调湿功能的建筑材料。并对不同方法处理的沸石、改性沸石－聚丙烯酸钠树脂调湿组分，以及调湿建筑材料的表面形貌、组成与结构以及吸放湿机理及吸放湿动力学模型进行了系统分析。实验结果表明：（1）改性所得沸石纯度增加，比表面积增大，平均孔径减小，中孔及3-7纳米孔径比例增加、孔径分布更加合理，调湿性能明显提高，其中以1mol/LNaOH处理2小时、200℃保温2小时最佳，吸湿率为7.92%、放湿率为6.6%，较未改性沸石分别提高了3.48与4.28倍；（2）沸石－聚丙烯酸钠树脂调湿组分同时具备无机矿物及高分子调湿材料的优点，吸放湿速率快、吸放湿量大、吸放湿滞后率小，最大吸湿率与放湿率分别为91.1%、77.43%，，最小滞后率为14%；（3）改性沸石及沸石－聚丙烯酸钠树脂调湿组分掺入水泥试块后，其调湿性能得到了保留，且力学性能好，所制得的试块吸湿率为6.66%、放湿率为3.62%，抗压强度为11.65MPa；（4）无机矿物调湿材料吸湿速率由外扩散速率决定，动力学行为符合扩散吸附动力学模型，高分子调湿材料吸湿速率由内扩散速率决定，动力学行为符合化学反应动力学模型，高分子调湿材料与无机矿物调湿材料放湿速率都由内扩散速率决定，动力学行为符合化学动力学反应脱附模型。
[Abstract]:The invention has the advantages of large number of micropores , wide distribution of pore size , high specific surface area , high adsorption performance , no toxicity , no harm , high specific surface area , high adsorption performance , no toxicity , no harm , high specific surface area , high adsorption performance , no toxicity , no harm , high specific surface area , high adsorption performance , no toxicity and no harm , wide application range , long service life and no environmental pollution .

In this paper , the pore structure of zeolite was designed by milling , heat , acid , alkali and synthetic modification . On the basis of this , sodium polyacrylate resin was synthesized on the surface of zeolite inner hole by reversed phase suspension method .

( 1 ) the purity of the modified zeolite is increased , the specific surface area is increased , the average pore size is reduced , the pore size distribution is increased , the pore size distribution is more reasonable , and the humidity conditioning performance is obviously improved ;

( 2 ) The moisture absorption rate of the zeolite - sodium polyacrylate resin was 91.1 % , 77.43 % and 14 % respectively .

( 3 ) after the modified zeolite and the zeolite - sodium polyacrylate resin humidity adjusting component are added into the cement test block , the humidity - conditioning performance of the modified zeolite and the zeolite - sodium polyacrylate resin is retained , the mechanical property is good , the moisture absorption rate of the prepared test block is 6.66 % , the moisture releasing rate is 3.62 % , and the compressive strength is 11.65MPa ;

( 4 ) The moisture absorption rate of the inorganic mineral moisture - conditioning material is determined by the external diffusion rate , the kinetic behavior conforms to the diffusion adsorption kinetic model , the moisture absorption rate of the high - molecular humidity - conditioning material is determined by the inner diffusion rate , the dynamic behavior is consistent with the chemical reaction kinetic model , the wetting rate of the high - molecular humidity - conditioning material and the inorganic mineral humidity - regulating material is determined by the inner diffusion rate , and the kinetic behavior is consistent with the chemical kinetics reaction desorption model .

【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU59

【参考文献】