准公共物品视角下的城市公园绿地评价与优化研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 17:16

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国市场经济体制改革不断深化。公园绿地作为城市公共服务的空间载体之一,其空间布局面临着多重挑战：一方面,公园绿地需要在受到土地与资金的双重制约下进行开发建设以改变我国公园绿地服务水平普遍低下的现状；另一方面,作为城市公共服务的载体,在使用过程中又要面对市民日益多元的诉求。在此背景下,如何合理、有效地对公园绿地进行空间配置就成为了难题。传统研究主要以可达性方法对公园绿地空间布局进行评价,忽视了公园绿地在使用过程中存在的竞争性与排他性。因此本研究以国家园林城市—绍兴为例,基于GIS技术,从可达性方法与准公共物品视角两个层面展开公园绿地服务范围评价实证研究。在对公园绿地空间布局不合理的原因进行剖析的基础上,从政策与空间两个维度提出评价区域公园绿地空间布局优化策略。本研究得出主要结论如下：(1)传统可达性评价方法忽视了公园绿地使用过程中的竞争性与排他性,因此在表征公园绿地空间分布公平性方面具有较大局限性；(2)传统可达性方法与非竞争性、非排他性准则下的评价结果相比,呈现出较大差异性；(3)评价区域内公园绿地使用过程中存在着多重矛盾,公共资源过度利用与非充分利用的尴尬局面并存；(4)盲目地将公共资源“完全公共物品”化,不仅加重了公共财政负担,且易形成更大空间范围内的不公平现象；(5)市场经济环境下,公园绿地空间布局合理化的关键在于建立多方参与的供给机制以及灵活的运营机制,在这—过程中需要相关政策的不断优化。
[Abstract]:Since reform and opening up, our country market economy system reform deepens unceasingly. As one of the space carriers of urban public service, park green space faces many challenges: on the one hand, The park green space needs to be developed and constructed under the dual restriction of land and capital to change the status quo of the generally low level of park green space service in our country; on the other hand, as the carrier of urban public service, the park green space should be developed and constructed under the dual restriction of land and capital. In the process of use, we have to face the increasingly diverse demands of the public. In this context, how to rationally and effectively allocate the park green space has become a difficult problem. The traditional research mainly uses the reachability method to evaluate the space layout of the park green space, neglecting the competition and exclusiveness in the process of using the park green space. Therefore, taking Shaoxing, a national garden city, as an example, based on GIS technology, an empirical study on the evaluation of green space service range is carried out from the perspectives of accessibility method and quasi-public goods. On the basis of analyzing the reason of unreasonable space layout of park green space, this paper puts forward the optimization strategy of evaluating the space layout of regional park green space from the two dimensions of policy and space. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the traditional method of accessibility evaluation ignores the competition and exclusivity in the process of using park green space, so it has great limitations in characterizing the fairness of the spatial distribution of park green space; (2) the results of traditional reachability method are different from those under non-competitive and non-exclusive criteria, and (3) there are many contradictions in the process of using park green space in the evaluation area. (4) blindly turning public resources into "complete public goods" not only increases the burden of public finance, but also easily forms the unfair phenomenon in a larger space; (5) under the market economy environment, the key to the rationalization of the space layout of the park green space lies in the establishment of multi-party supply mechanism and flexible operation mechanism. In this process, the related policies need to be optimized continuously.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU986.5

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