西部高原低能耗建筑气候营造方法研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 05:23

【摘要】：气候一直是影响建筑产生与发展的关键性要素。现阶段，能源与环境问题已经成为制约人类进一步发展的巨大障碍，技术的进步在为人们提供前所未有的消费驱动力的同时，加剧了不可再生资源的消耗与环境危机。因此，改变传统思维观念，恢复建筑与气候的良性互动关系，是建筑走可持续发展之路的基础。我国人口数量大，幅员广，地区差异十分显著，气候条件、地理环境、自然资源、城乡建设与经济发展、人均收入、生活水平与社会习俗等都有着巨大的差异，，也造成了对各地建筑的不同需求。因此，针对特定地区社会经济技术发展水平、气候等客观条件，系统地从建筑形态、空间组织、构造体系、气候资源利用技术等方面研究如何通过建筑设计全过程提高建筑热环境质量并节约能耗是行业发展的必由之路。 本文从人、建筑与气候的关系入手，由于建筑是人类获得舒适气候环境的补偿性手段，势必要作为界面和载体对人需要的舒适热环境与室外气候要素之间进行联系，由此作为切入点形成整体的西部高原低能耗建筑气候营造方法的理论支撑。采用气候营造的方法设计低能耗建筑，正是在这一理论的基础上，通过完整的营造方法和过程，整合各具体的建筑设计策略和技术措施，形成适宜当地的建筑营造模式。 本文的研究范围主要集中在以被动式设计为主的气候营造方法在西部高原气候条件下的适宜性和应用模式。研究中通过对西部高原地区气候参数共性特征归纳和分化规律提取；对当地现有城乡建筑大规模实地勘察和主观反映调查、建筑环境质量和能耗等指标的详细测试；对当地传统民居气候适应性营造策略的提炼和评价等方法，使之作为西部高原低能耗建筑气候营造的基本依据，提炼出适合于西部高原地区自然与气候条件、民族文化习俗、社会经济发展状况、和建筑业综合技术水平的低能耗建筑气候营造方法和模式，以实现在满足基本热舒适条件下建筑的采暖和空调能耗最小化。从而完成西部高原低能耗建筑气候营造的方法建构，使现有的各种具体被动式建筑设计策略可以在完整的系统下配合作用，最后通过气候分析软件和动态建筑能耗模拟分析软件预测气候营造的节能效果，图像化的展示典型选取地建筑方案的气候营造策略的适用程度，从而完成了对这种设计方法的全过程探讨。
[Abstract]:Climate has always been a key factor affecting the emergence and development of buildings. At present, energy and environment problems have become a great obstacle to the further development of human beings. The progress of technology not only provides unprecedented consumption driving force for people, but also intensifies the consumption of non-renewable resources and environmental crisis. Therefore, it is the foundation of sustainable development to change the traditional thinking and restore the positive interaction between architecture and climate. Our country has a large population, a wide area, significant regional differences, great differences in climate conditions, geographical environment, natural resources, urban and rural construction and economic development, per capita income, living standards and social customs, etc. It also creates a different demand for buildings everywhere. Therefore, in view of the level of social, economic and technological development, climate and other objective conditions in a given region, systematically from the architectural form, spatial organization, structural system, How to improve the quality of building thermal environment and save energy consumption through the whole process of architectural design is the only way for the development of the industry. This paper starts with the relationship between man, architecture and climate. Because architecture is a compensatory means for people to obtain comfortable climate environment, it is bound to be used as an interface and carrier to link the comfortable thermal environment needed by human beings with the elements of outdoor climate. Therefore, as a starting point to form the whole of the western plateau low-energy building climate construction method theoretical support. It is on the basis of this theory that the method of climate construction is adopted to design low energy consumption buildings. Through the complete construction methods and processes, the concrete architectural design strategies and technical measures are integrated to form a suitable local building construction mode. The research scope of this paper is mainly focused on the suitability and application model of the passive design method in the western plateau climate. In the study, the common characteristics of climate parameters in the western plateau region are summarized and the rules of differentiation are extracted, the large-scale field survey and subjective reflection investigation of the existing urban and rural buildings in the area, the detailed test of the building environmental quality and energy consumption are carried out in detail. The methods of extracting and evaluating the climate adaptability of the local traditional residential buildings are used as the basic basis for the climate construction of the low energy consumption buildings in the western plateau, and the natural and climatic conditions, national cultural customs and customs suitable for the western plateau area are abstracted. In order to realize the minimum energy consumption of building heating and air conditioning under the basic thermal comfort conditions, the method and mode of building climate construction with low energy consumption and comprehensive technical level of construction industry are introduced. In order to complete the construction of the climate construction method of the low-energy building in the western plateau, the existing passive architectural design strategies can be coordinated under the complete system. Finally through the climate analysis software and the dynamic building energy consumption simulation analysis software to predict the climate construction energy saving effect, the image display the climate construction strategy suitable degree of the typical selected construction plan. Thus, the whole process of this design method is discussed.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU201.5;TU119


本文编号：2383721