我国海洋环境管理中的政府激励机制研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 17:17

本文关键词： 海洋环境管理政府激励机制企业公众　出处：《中国海洋大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自20世纪90年代以来，海洋环境管理得到了世界各国的广泛重视。在我国，海洋环境保护已作为战略得到了深化。但是，，我国的海洋环境管理发展无论在理论上还是实践上，都落后于许多发达国家，有效推进还需要多方面努力。我国现行的海洋环境管理模式是一种政府单中心的管理模式，从宏观层面的政策制定到微观层面的执行监督，基本上都是由政府直接操作，并大量使用强制性控制手段，其他力量发挥作用的空间相当有限，与此同时政府越来越不堪重负，导致了海洋环境管理效果的不明显。当前，我国正在加强服务型政府的建设，其要义之一在于主张公共管理主体的多元化。但是国外发达国家的经验显示，海洋环境管理多元主体的参与需要经历一个自发而漫长的过程，就当前我国的形势来分析，不管是从企业保护海洋环境的主动性和公众参与的积极性来看，还是从政府海洋环境管理的体制机制设定来看，多元主体共同管理自发形成的条件还不完全具备，同时海洋环境污染的危害性和治理的紧迫性也不允许我们长时间等待它的自发形成。所以在我国海洋环境管理过程中，需要充分肯定政府的主导性地位，发挥积极引导作用，通过一定的激励机制，调动企业和公众的参与积极性，以此来促进海洋环境管理成效的提升。因此，海洋环境管理的主体不再局限于传统意义上的政府部门，作为市场主体的企业和社会公众也能够参与到政府管理过程中去，支持配合政府环境管理目标的实现。文章重点剖析了服务型政府视角下的海洋环境管理的特征，认为要推进我国海洋环境管理的发展，必须改革当前政府单中心的管理模式，建立政府、企业和公众合作共治的局面，充分发挥政府在海洋环境管理中的激励和引导作用。同时，文章从政府、企业和公众三方的角度出发，深入分析了当前我国海洋环境管理中政府激励机制建设取得的成就和存在的阻力，在借鉴发达国家有利经验的基础上，提出相关的完善对策，以期能够促进我国海洋环境管理的发展。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, the management of marine environment has been paid more and more attention by many countries all over the world. In our country, marine environmental protection has been deepened as a strategy. However, the development of marine environmental management in China is not only in theory but also in practice. The current marine environment management model of our country is a kind of government single center management model, from the macro level policy formulation to the micro level implementation supervision. Most of them are operated directly by the government, with a large use of mandatory control. The space for other forces to play a role is quite limited. At the same time, the government is becoming more and more overburdened, resulting in a lack of effectiveness in the management of the marine environment. At present, China is strengthening the construction of service-oriented government, one of its main points is to advocate the diversification of public management subjects, but the experience of foreign developed countries shows that the participation of multiple subjects in marine environmental management needs to undergo a spontaneous and long process. From the perspective of the current situation in China, whether from the initiative of enterprises to protect the marine environment and the enthusiasm of public participation, or from the setting up of institutional mechanisms for the management of the government's marine environment, At the same time, the harmfulness of marine environmental pollution and the urgency of governance do not allow us to wait for its spontaneous formation for a long time. Therefore, in the process of marine environmental management in China, It is necessary to fully affirm the leading position of the government, play an active guiding role, and mobilize the participation enthusiasm of enterprises and the public through a certain incentive mechanism, so as to promote the effectiveness of marine environment management. Therefore, the main body of marine environmental management is no longer confined to the traditional sense of government departments, as the main body of the market enterprises and the public can also participate in the process of government management. This paper analyzes the characteristics of marine environmental management from the perspective of service-oriented government, and holds that in order to promote the development of marine environmental management in China, it is necessary to reform the current management mode of single center of government. To establish the situation of government, enterprise and public cooperation, and give full play to the role of government in the management of marine environment. At the same time, the article starts from the perspective of government, enterprise and public. This paper deeply analyzes the achievements and obstacles in the construction of government incentive mechanism in the management of marine environment in China. Based on the experience of developed countries, the paper puts forward the relevant perfect countermeasures. In order to promote the development of marine environmental management in China.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D630

【相似文献】