应用新公共管理理论破解农村土地确权工作中的难题

发布时间：2018-04-19 00:20

本文选题：农村土地确权 + 新公共管理理论　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：2013年中央一号文件明确提出,要在五年之内完成农村土地承包经营权的确权登记颁证工作,同时尽快完成农村集体土地所有权的确权登记颁证工作。这是一项十分复杂而艰巨的任务。已经开展的农村土地确权试点工作表明,全面开展农村土地确权,存在不少的困难和问题,其中较为突出的有三点。其一,农村土地权属关系十分混乱,导致土地权属争议大量存在；其二,农村土地确权工作中存在一些法律和政策上的盲点,影响了土地确权的实践操作；其三,全面开展土地确权的人力资源储备不足,既表现在人员数量方面,也表现在人员素质方面。农村土地确权工作首先是政府行为,属于公共管理的范畴,在农村土地确权中借鉴新公共管理理论,能有效地破解上述难题。首先,土地确权的过程,也是土地权属争议的解决过程,农村土地确权面临的最大难题是大量的土地权属争议的解决。美国的ADR(替代性纠纷解决机制)具有深厚的新公共管理内涵,在农村土地确权工作中,借鉴ADR,对于解决大量的土地权属争议能够发挥重要作用。借鉴ADR解决土地权属争议,主要在于以现行土地权属争议解决方式为基础,建立土地权属争议的多元化解决机制。具体操作上可以从四个方面着手：一是建立村一级土地权属争议调解委员会,二是政府将一部分土地权属争议案件进行委托处理,三是在乡镇一级政府土地管理部门附设简易的土地权属争议案件仲裁机构,四是健全农村土地承包经营纠纷的仲裁体制。借鉴新公共管理理论还可以破解农村土地确权工作中存在法律、政策盲点和人力资源储备不足的难题。对于前者,可以从四个方面着手：给予农村土地确权一线工作人员更大的自主权；加大农村土地确权相关法律、政策的宣传力度；尽快制订农村集体土地确权相关的法律、法规和政策,弥补法律、政策的不足,并解决不同法律之间、法律与政策之间的抵牾；建公开透明的确权工作坏境,建立完善的监督机制和高效的意见处理机制。对于后者可以采取的解决措施是：在公共服务中引入市场竞争机制解决土地确权中人力资源不足的问题；让农民参与到土地确权工作中来,提升其确权热情；构建灵活的人员雇佣制度,解决人员不足困扰,增进组织活力；借鉴新公共管理理论加强确权队伍建设,提升确权队伍工作水平。
[Abstract]:The No. 1 document of the Central Committee in 2013 clearly proposed that the registration and issuance of the right to rural land contractual management should be completed within five years, and at the same time, the registration and issuance of the right to confirm the ownership of rural collective land should be completed as soon as possible.This is a very complicated and arduous task.The pilot work of confirming rural land rights has been carried out, which shows that there are many difficulties and problems in developing rural land rights in an all-round way, among which there are three outstanding ones.First, the relationship between rural land ownership is very chaotic, leading to a large number of disputes over land tenure; second, there are some blind spots in law and policy in rural land ownership, which has affected the practice of land ownership; third,The shortage of human resource reserve for land confirmation is not only in the quantity of personnel, but also in the quality of personnel.The work of confirming the right to rural land is first of all a government act, which belongs to the category of public management. Drawing lessons from the theory of new public management in the confirmation of rural land rights can effectively solve the above problems.First of all, the process of land ownership is also the process of land ownership dispute settlement. The biggest problem facing rural land ownership is the settlement of a large number of land ownership disputes.The ADR (alternative dispute Resolution Mechanism) in the United States has a profound connotation of new public management. In the work of confirming the right to land in rural areas, reference to ADRR can play an important role in resolving a large number of disputes over land ownership.Drawing lessons from ADR to solve the land ownership dispute, it is mainly based on the existing land ownership dispute settlement method, to establish a diversified settlement mechanism of land ownership dispute.The concrete operation can be started from four aspects: first, the establishment of a mediation committee for land ownership disputes at the village level; and second, the government entrusting a part of the land ownership dispute cases to deal with them.The third is to set up a simple arbitration institution for disputes over land ownership at the township level, and the fourth is to perfect the arbitration system of the disputes over land contractual management in rural areas.Drawing lessons from the new public management theory, we can also solve the problems of law, policy blind spot and insufficient human resource reserve in the rural land confirmation work.For the former, we can start from four aspects: to give more autonomy to the front-line staff of rural land confirmation rights; to increase the publicity of laws and policies related to rural land confirmation rights; and to formulate laws related to rural collective land rights as soon as possible.Laws and policies, to make up for the deficiencies of laws and policies, and to resolve the conflict between different laws and laws and policies; to build an open and transparent working environment for the right to confirm; to establish a perfect supervision mechanism and an efficient mechanism for handling opinions.The solutions to the latter can be taken as follows: introducing market competition mechanism in public service to solve the problem of insufficient human resources in land confirmation rights, allowing farmers to participate in the work of confirming land rights, and promoting their enthusiasm for confirming land rights;To build a flexible personnel employment system to solve the problem of personnel shortage, to enhance the vitality of the organization; to use the new public management theory to strengthen the construction of the contingent of confirmed rights, improve the work level of the contingent.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F301.2;D630

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