公共行政合法性：危机及出路

发布时间：2018-06-14 11:06

本文选题：公共行政 + 合法性　；参考：《浙江大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：合法性是公共行政的一个核心议题。自公共行政学诞生之日起,合法性问题的阴云就如影随形。古利克和厄威克所总结提炼的管理原则仅在 9年后的1946年就被西蒙批评为充其量只是谚语,行政科学遭遇首次挑战。1952年开始的西蒙沃尔多之争则是公共行政身份危机的集中体现。1973年,文森特·奥斯特罗姆对美国公共行政的思想危机进行了深入思考。之后,公共行政身份危机持续存在。尽管美国是公共行政发展的主要理论土壤,但仅仅从公共行政实践对美国历史上联邦主义思想的悖离来分析合法性问题,显然不能揭示公共行政合法性问题的全貌。对公共行政合法性问题的探讨必须放在公共行政的知识传统与公共行政内在逻辑两个纵横结合的维度内才能得到深入系统的剖析和更具说服力的结论。从公共行政知识传统来看,官僚制行政向民主行政理论发展的过程同时是公共行政合法性从建构到危机再到弥补与纠改的一个过程。官僚制行政以政治-行政二分实现了公共行政的学科独立,以官僚制解决了公共行政的组织制度问题,以科学管理贯彻行政所必须的效率原则,用一种总体上回避民主与公共性的价值中立的方式,建立起公共行政最初的领域合法性。然而,由于政治与行政之间、官僚制与民主之间、效率与公共性之间与生俱来的紧张关系与官僚制行政理论价值无涉的合法性构建方式,合法性危机也不断累积,而这种危机在官僚制行政内部是无法自解的。包含了新公共行政、黑堡宣言、新公共管理、新公共服务以及治理理论等在内的民主制行政理论的兴起,针对的正是官僚制行政的不足之处,将民主与公共性等价值要素带入到行政理论之中,使公共行政的价值天平获得平衡,也为公共行政合法性危机寻找到可能的出路。正是在这个意义,民主行政是对官僚制行政的一种理论进步。从公共行政的内在逻辑而言,借鉴政治学、管理学、法学等领域合法性的结构划分,与公共行政自身的结构层次,可将公共行政合法性的结构分为组织与制度合法性、实践合法性与学科合法性三部分。以此为起点,可以对公共行政合法性的概念进行重构,将公共行政领域的制度、实践,尤其是学科的合法性等外延涵纳到统一的公共行政合法性概念之中,解决公共行政合法性一直以来存在概念的内涵不统一、概念外延有遗漏的问题。以结构界析为工具,可以将官僚制行政下的公共行政合法性危机解析如下：在公共行政组织与制度层面存在着规制合法性、规范合法性与认知合法性危机,在公共行政实践层面存在着过程合法性与绩效合法性危机,而学科层面则在学科议题共识、研究方法与学术共同体认同方面都存在问题。民主行政理论正是基于对公共行政合法性各个结构层面的危机的补足与调整,才使自身获得了更多的支持与发展,也使公共行政重获其合法性。对公共行政学术史的探讨主要采用了历史研究法与文献研究法,从历时性的纵向维度确立合法性问题的基本脉络；对公共行政结构的界析、合法性危机及出路的探寻则主要采用了结构分析法与比较研究法,从结构的横向维度确定合法性问题的表现与实质。纵横维度的叠加使公共行政合法性问题从概念、结构到危机的产生与消解有了统一的阐释体系,因而具有了更强的理论解释力。
[Abstract]:Legitimacy is a core issue in public administration. From the date of the birth of public administration, the cloudy cloud of the problem of legality was followed. The principle of management summed up by palik and erwick was only 9 years later in 1946 by Simon as a proverb, and the first challenge of administrative science to the beginning of the.1952 year of Simon Wall. The controversy over the public administrative identity crisis is the focus of the.1973 year. Vincent Ostrom thought deeply about the ideological crisis of the American public administration. After that, the crisis of public administrative identity persisted. Although the United States was the main theoretical soil of public administration development, it was only from the public administration practice to the United States history. The paradox of the thought of nationalism analyzes the question of legitimacy and obviously can not reveal the full picture of the legitimacy of public administration. The discussion of the legitimacy of public administration must be placed in the two dimensions of the combination of the knowledge tradition of public administration and the internal logic of public administration to get a deep and systematic analysis and more convincing conclusions. From the view of the knowledge tradition of public administration, the process of the development of the bureaucratic administration to the democratic administrative theory is a process of the legitimacy of the public administration from construction to crisis to remediing and correcting. The bureaucratic administration has realized the subject independence of the public administration by the political administration two points, and has solved the problem of the organization system of the public administration by the bureaucratic system. In order to scientifically manage the principle of efficiency that is necessary for the administration and to establish the original domain legality of public administration in a way that avoids the value neutrality of democracy and public nature in general. However, the inherent tension between the bureaucracy and the democracy, the inherent tension between efficiency and the public nature and the bureaucratic administration between politics and administration, between the bureaucracy and the democracy. On the construction of the legitimacy of value without legitimacy, the crisis of legitimacy accumulates continuously, and this kind of crisis can not be self solved in the bureaucratic administration. The rise of the democratic administrative theory including the new public administration, the declaration of black fort, the new public administration, the new public service and the governance theory, is the insufficiency of the bureaucratic administration. To bring the value elements of democracy and public nature into the administrative theory, make the balance of the value balance of the public administration and find a possible way out for the crisis of the legitimacy of the public administration. It is in this sense that democratic administration is a theoretical step in the bureaucratic administration. The structure division of legality in the fields of science, management, law and other fields, and the structure level of public administration itself, can divide the structure of the legitimacy of public administration into three parts: organization and system legality, practice legality and discipline legality. As a starting point, the concept of public administrative law of compliance can be restructured and the system of public administration is in the field. In practice, in particular, the legality of the subject, in particular, to the concept of the unity of the legitimacy of the public administration, the solution of the legitimacy of the public administration has always been a problem that the connotation of the concept is not unified and the extension of the concept is missing. In the level of public administrative organization and system, there are regulatory legitimacy, standardization of legitimacy and the crisis of cognitive legitimacy. There is a crisis of process legitimacy and performance legitimacy in the level of public administrative practice, while the disciplinary level is common in the subject issues, and there are problems in the research method and the academic community. In order to complement and adjust the crisis of the various structural levels of the legitimacy of public administration, it has made itself more support and development, and also makes public administration regain its legitimacy. The discussion of the history of public administration mainly adopts the historical research method and the literature research method, and establishes the basic pulse of the legitimacy problem from the diachronic dimension. The boundary analysis of the public administrative structure, the exploration of the legitimacy crisis and the way out, mainly adopts the structure analysis method and the comparative study method, and determines the manifestation and the essence of the legitimacy problem from the horizontal dimension of the structure. The superposition of the vertical and horizontal dimensions makes the problem of the legitimacy of the public administration from the concept, the structure to the crisis. The interpretation of the system has a stronger theoretical explanatory power.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D035

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