中国农村基层互动治理研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 00:25

本文选题：中国农村 + 政府管理　；参考：《东北师范大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：中共十八届三中全会将“完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”作为全面深化改革的总目标。这一总目标的提出指明了中国政治体制改革和民主政治建设的新方向，具有重大的理论和现实意义。推进并完善农村基层治理体系和治理能力现代化既是国家治理现代化整个目标体系的重要组成部分，也是推进并实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的社会基础。改革开放以来，中国农村基层确立并形成了“乡政村治”的治理格局，从这一治理格局的构成要素来看，既涉及作为农村基层政权建设重要内容的基层政府管理体系，又包括作为基层群众自治基本形式之一的村民自治体系。从这一治理格局的实际运行状况来看，农村基层政府管理体系与村民自治体系彼此分立运行，二者之间缺乏必要的衔接互动机制和渠道，致使“乡政”与“村治”的治理关系不时出现矛盾冲突甚至“断裂”的严重后果，既极大影响了农村基层政府治理体系社会管理和公共服务职能的发挥，也严重损害了村民自治体系健康良性的发展，给推进并实现农村基层治理体系和治理能力现代化造成了诸多困难。进入新世纪新阶段，随着农村经济体制转轨、社会转型的步伐加快以及城乡一体化改革发展战略的深入推进，中国农村基层治理面临的局势越来越复杂，各种深层次的矛盾和问题日益突显，社会阶层分化所带来的治理碎片化的挑战日趋加剧。面对这些问题和挑战，传统的以国家权力为基础的“乡政”主导“村治”的农村基层治理格局已经不能适应农村社会发展的现实需要，迫切需要建立“乡政”与“村治”平衡协调运行、自上而下的国家管理体系与自下而上的社会治理体系相互衔接、有机统一的新型城乡治理模式。而构建这一新型治理模式的关键是要推进农村基层政府管理体系与村民自治体系的有效衔接和良性互动，构建农村基层政府管理与村民自治互动治理的体系格局，即在农村基层治理中逐渐形成一种多元主体参与、协同合作、共同治理农村社会各项事务的一种治理形态。当前，中国农村基层社会所涌现出的诸多民主创新实践都基本体现了这一治理形态的基本特征，突显了农村基层社会的发展趋势和农村民主治理的客观需要，因而能够成为农村基层实现善治的一条可行路径。基于此，本文选取了农村基层互动治理的研究课题，并以此作为推进和实现农村基层治理现代化（治理体系和治理能力现代化）的突破口和着力点。农村基层互动治理体系格局的确立和发展对于农村基层治理现代化乃至国家治理现代化无疑具有重大战略意义和实践价值。本文研究的主题为农村基层互动治理，其主要围绕农村基层治理的两大主体——基层政权管理体系和村民自治体系之间的互动关系变迁为研究主线，依据农村基层互动治理的“机制变迁——机制构建——机制有效运行”这一逻辑思路，集中分析和阐述了农村基层互动治理的学理基础、变迁历程、逻辑动因、现实阻碍、主要成因以及互动治理机制的构建和有效运行等问题。全文框架主要由三大部分构成，包括引言、结论和五章的正文内容，主要写作思路和内容如下：第一部分是引言，主要从选题依据与意义、国内外研究现状及述评、研究思路内容与方法、研究重难点及不足之处等四个方面对本选题研究进行了总的分析和阐述，这是本文的研究起点和根据。第二部分是本文的主体部分，由五章内容构成，即本文的第一章至第五章。具体写作内容如下：第一章，中国农村基层互动治理的学理分析，主要从学理层面集中分析和阐释了农村基层互动治理的基本内涵、理论基础、现实条件和现实意义等问题；第二章，中国农村基层互动治理关系变迁的历史与逻辑，主要从历史发展历程和逻辑嬗变的角度阐述了农村基层互动治理关系的演进历程、基本特点和内在的逻辑动因等问题；第三章，中国农村基层互动治理的现实境遇，主要从现实实践层面集中分析和探讨了农村基层互动治理的发展现状、面临的实践困境和受困的主要成因等问题；第四章，美国地方互动治理的经验借鉴，主要从域外经验借鉴的角度以美国地方治理为例，集中研究和分析了美国地方互动治理的历史与现实基础、基本的运行过程和主要实现方式，并在此基础上总结了美国地方互动治理的基本经验，探讨其对中国农村基层治理的启示意义；第五章，中国农村基层互动治理机制的构建，着重探讨和研究了农村基层互动治理机制体系构建的问题，具体讨论了包括农村基层互动治理机制的构建原则、运行要素、构成内容以及有效运行的现实路径等基本内容。上述这五章内容是本文写作的核心部分，构成了本文的主体。第三部分是结论，主要论述了农村基层互动治理体系的确立和制度化发展作为农村基层治理创新的重要制度成果在农村基层治理现代化进程中的重要地位和作用，并进一步分析和探讨了农村基层互动治理机制良性运行所面临的一些制约因素和瓶颈问题，，提出了相应的路径策略，总体上，对中国农村基层互动治理的未来发展趋势做一展望。通观全文，中国农村基层互动治理体系格局的确立和发展有其深厚的理论和现实基础，是一条农村基层治理的可行之路。理论上，它符合马克思主义关于国家与社会关系从对立走向统一的发展规律，实践上，它顺应了当今世界公共管理改革的潮流和中国农村基层治理趋向多元主体协同合作、民主共治的现实状况。尽管中国农村基层互动治理的发展仍存在着许多制度困境和现实瓶颈，但是随着农村经济社会的不断发展和农村基层管理体制改革的深入推进，势必将成为中国农村基层社会治理的一条现实可行的道路，对此进行集中系统的研究无疑具有重要的理论和实践价值。
[Abstract]:In the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the Communist Party of China will "improve and develop the socialist system of Chinese characteristics, promote the modernization of the state governance system and the modernization of governance" as the overall goal of deepening the reform. The proposal of this general goal indicates the new direction of the reform of China's political system and the construction of democratic politics, which has great theoretical and practical significance. It is not only an important part of the whole target system of national governance modernization, but also an important part of the whole target system of national governance and modernization. It is also the social foundation for promoting and realizing the modernization of the national governance system and the ability to govern. In view of the constituent elements of the governance structure, it involves both the grass-roots government management system as an important content of the rural grass-roots political power construction, and the villager autonomy system as one of the basic forms of grass-roots self-government. From the actual operation situation of this governance pattern, the rural grass-roots government management system and the villager autonomy system are each other. In separate operation, there is a lack of necessary interaction mechanism and channel between the two, resulting in the serious consequences of conflict and even "breaking" in the relationship between the "township government" and the "village governance", which greatly affects the social management and public service functions of the rural grass-roots government management system, and seriously damages the villagers' autonomy. The healthy development of health has caused many difficulties in promoting and realizing the rural grass-roots governance system and the modernization of governance ability. With the transition of the rural economic system, the accelerated pace of social transformation and the deepening of the strategy of urban and rural integration reform and development, the situation of rural grass-roots governance in China is becoming more and more difficult. In the face of these problems and challenges, the traditional rural governance pattern of "village governance", which is based on the state power, is unable to adapt to the actual needs of the rural social development. It is necessary to establish a balanced and coordinated operation of "township government" and "village governance". The top-down state management system is connected with the bottom-up social governance system, and the new model of urban and rural governance is organically unified. The key to the construction of this new governance model is to promote the effective rank of the rural grass-roots government administration system and the villagers' autonomous system. In order to build a system pattern of interactive governance between rural grass-roots government management and villagers' autonomy, it is a form of governance in the rural grass-roots governance, which is gradually formed in the rural grass-roots governance, co operating and co operating with rural social affairs. At present, many Democratic innovation practices emerged in the grass-roots society of rural China. The basic characteristics of this governance form are basically reflected, the development trend of rural grass-roots society and the objective needs of rural democratic governance are highlighted, so it can become a feasible path to achieve good governance in rural grass-roots. Based on this, this paper selects the research topic of rural grass-roots interactive governance and takes it as a way to promote and realize the rural base. The establishment and development of the pattern of rural grass-roots interactive governance system has great strategic and practical value for the modernization of rural grass-roots governance and even the modernization of national governance.
The theme of this paper is the interactive governance of rural grass-roots level, which mainly focuses on the two main bodies of rural grass-roots governance - the interaction relationship between the grass-roots government management system and the villagers' autonomous system, which is based on the logical thought of "mechanism change mechanism construction - mechanism effective operation" based on the interactive governance of rural grass-roots. The road, focused on the analysis and exposition of the theoretical basis of the rural grassroots interactive governance, the course of change, the logical motivation, the reality obstruction, the main causes and the construction and effective operation of the interactive governance mechanism. The full text framework mainly consists of three parts, including the introduction, the conclusion and the content of the five chapters, the main ideas and contents of the writing are as follows:
The first part is the introduction, mainly from four aspects, such as the basis and significance of the topic, the research status and review at home and abroad, the content and method of the research ideas, the difficulties and the shortcomings of the research, and this is the starting point and the basis of this study.
The second part is the main part of this article, which is composed of five chapters, namely the first chapter to the fifth chapter of this article. The content of the specific writing is as follows: the first chapter, the theoretical analysis of the interactive governance in the rural grass-roots level in China, mainly from the theoretical level and the analysis and interpretation of the basic connotation, the theoretical foundation, the realistic conditions and the realistic meaning of the rural grass-roots interactive governance. The second chapter, the history and logic of the changes in the relationship between the rural grass-roots interactive governance in China, mainly from the historical development process and the logical evolution, expounds the evolution process, the basic characteristics and internal logical motivation of the rural grass-roots interactive governance, and the third chapter, the realistic situation of the interactive Governance in the rural grass-roots level in China, and the main reasons. From the practical level, we should focus on the analysis and discussion of the current situation of the development of the rural grassroots interactive governance, the practical difficulties and the main causes of the difficulties. The fourth chapter, the experience of local interaction governance in the United States, mainly from the angle of experience of the foreign countries, taking American local governance as an example, focused on the study and analysis of the American local interaction. On the basis of historical and realistic foundation, basic operation process and main realization way of dynamic governance, the basic experience of local interactive governance in the United States is summed up on this basis, and its implications for rural grass-roots governance in China are discussed. The fifth chapter, the construction of the interactive governance mechanism of rural grass-roots in China, focuses on the discussion and study of the interaction and treatment of rural grass-roots level. The problems in the construction of the system of rational mechanism are discussed in detail, including the construction principles, the operating elements, the content and the realistic path of the effective operation, including the construction principles of the rural grass-roots interactive governance mechanism. The above five chapters are the core part of this article and constitute the main body of this article.
The third part is the conclusion, mainly discusses the establishment and institutionalized development of the rural grass-roots interactive governance system as an important institutional result in rural grass-roots governance innovation in the process of the modernization of rural grass-roots governance, and further analyzes and discusses some of the benign operation of the rural grass-roots interactive governance mechanism. Constraints and bottlenecks, put forward the corresponding path strategy, overall, the future development trend of rural grassroots interactive governance in China.
Through the full text, the establishment and development of the rural grass-roots interactive governance system in China has its profound theoretical and practical basis, which is a feasible way for rural grass-roots governance. In theory, it is in line with the development rules of Marx's doctrine about the relationship between state and society from opposites to unity. In practice, it conforms to the public management of the world. The trend of reform and the rural grass-roots governance in China tend to cooperate with multiple subjects, and the reality of democratic governance. Although there are still many institutional difficulties and realistic bottlenecks in the development of rural grass-roots interactive governance in China, the development of the rural economy and society and the deepening of the reform of the rural basic level management system will be bound to be formed. It is undoubtedly of great theoretical and practical value to conduct a centralized and systematic study of the rural grassroots social governance in China.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D422.6

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