论养老保险伦理分析

发布时间：2018-09-12 17:39

【摘要】：现代经济中，养老保险也是国家的竞争力中重要的社会经济制度之一。这代表着一股重要力量，他不断提供新的发展方向，创造新的体制，推动国家经济以平稳式向前迈进。目前，中国仍然处于社会主义的初级阶段，打破了旧的体制，新的体制正在酝酿中，而中国是当今世界发展中国家人口老龄化形势最为严重的国家之一。与发达国家相比，中国的人口老龄化具有速度快、未富先老等特点。中国的养老保障体系相关制度尚未最终定型。在这样的背景之下，展望中国养老保障体系未来的资金缺口，对于优化相关制度安排具有非常重要的意义。养老保险绝非仅仅是一个手段或工具，它内在的关系着理性价值的追求问题，体现着国家作为一个伦理实体存在的价值导向。如果缺乏相应的伦理指向，那么养老保险将成为缺乏灵魂的盲动。人类一切行为无不是理性人行为，都遵循个体利益最大化原则。在养老保险活动中如何规避个人的逆向选择，怎样弱化个体的道德风险，何以防止公共利益异化为私人利益，都是值得深究的问题。尽管可以采用规制设置进行预防，但是只有他律的作用显然是不够的，还要问询于个体自律，养老保险伦理的建设显然不可或缺，而这些恰恰是热衷于研究养老保险工具理性的现行养老保险理论所一直忽略的。我国养老保险的理论探讨目前很大程度上忽略了养老保险本身的伦理意蕴，某些养老保险设置没有考虑到人之自然性，所以进行养老保险伦理的相关研究是克服上述缺陷的必然路径。对养老保险伦理的立论依据进行论证首先要对养老保险伦理的相关问题进行界说，阐述问题的研究缘起，明晰养老保险伦理的逻辑起点和概念，理清行文的思路和分析框架。然后追溯养老保险伦理的思想依据，西方的探讨了社群主义思想之强国家观、社会连带思想之慈善互济、罗尔斯正义论之制度正义、福利经济学之效率思想;国内的对养老保险伦理的观点考察则涵盖养老保险伦理的内涵，伦理对养老保险的作用，养老保险的伦理缺陷，养老保险伦理取向的改革，权利视角的养老保险等相关理路。顺次分别从理论依据与现实依据两个向度探讨养老保险伦理的立论依据。对养老保险伦理确立的学理依据进行论述，，先阐释养老保险伦理与其他伦理单元的差异，即养老保险伦理与制伦理的区别，养老保险伦理与政策伦理的分殊，养老保险与公共管理伦理的差异，然后抽象括出养老保险伦理的学科界面，包括养老保险伦理研究对象的界定，养老保险伦理研究任务的确立，养老保险伦理研究方法的选择，养老保险伦理的学科归属。
[Abstract]:In modern economy, endowment insurance is also one of the important social and economic systems in the competitiveness of the country. This represents an important force in providing new directions, creating new institutions, and pushing the country's economy forward in a steady fashion. At present, China is still in the primary stage of socialism, breaking the old system, the new system is brewing, and China is one of the most serious aging population in the developing countries in the world. Compared with the developed countries, China's aging population has the characteristics of rapid aging before wealth. China's pension system related to the system has not yet finalized. Against this background, looking forward to the future funding gap of China's old-age security system is of great significance for optimizing the relevant institutional arrangements. Pension insurance is not just a means or a tool, it has an inherent relationship with the pursuit of rational value, reflecting the value orientation of the existence of the country as an ethical entity. If lack of corresponding ethics direction, then endowment insurance will become the blind movement of lack of soul. All human behaviors are rational human behaviors, and follow the principle of individual benefit maximization. How to avoid individual adverse selection, how to weaken individual moral hazard and how to prevent the public interest from dissimilating into private interest in the activities of old-age insurance are worthy of further study. Although we can use regulation to prevent, but only the role of other laws is obviously not enough, but also ask about the individual self-discipline, the construction of endowment insurance ethics is obviously indispensable. But these are the current endowment insurance theories which are keen to study the endowment insurance tool rationality. The theoretical discussion of the endowment insurance in our country has largely ignored the ethical implication of the endowment insurance itself at present, and some endowment insurance settings have not considered the nature of people. Therefore, the related research of endowment insurance ethics is an inevitable way to overcome the above defects. To demonstrate the theoretical basis of endowment insurance ethics, first of all, we should define the related issues of endowment insurance ethics, expound the origin of the study, clarify the logical starting point and concept of endowment insurance ethics, and clarify the thinking and analytical framework of the writing. Then tracing back to the ideological basis of the endowment insurance ethics, the western explored the strong state view of communitarianism, the charity and mutual benefit of the social association thought, the institutional justice of Rawls' justice theory, and the efficiency thought of welfare economics. On the other hand, the domestic research on the endowment insurance ethics includes the connotation of the endowment insurance ethics, the role of the ethics to the endowment insurance, the ethical defects of the endowment insurance, the reform of the ethical orientation of the endowment insurance, the pension insurance from the perspective of rights, and so on. This paper discusses the theoretical basis of endowment insurance ethics from the angle of theoretical basis and practical basis. This paper discusses the theoretical basis of the establishment of the endowment insurance ethics, first explains the difference between the endowment insurance ethics and other ethical units, that is, the difference between the endowment insurance ethics and the system ethics, and the difference between the endowment insurance ethics and the policy ethics. The difference between endowment insurance and public administration ethics, and then abstract the subject interface of endowment insurance ethics, including the definition of the research object of endowment insurance ethics, the establishment of the research task of endowment insurance ethics, the choice of research methods of endowment insurance ethics. The subject attribution of endowment insurance ethics.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F842.67

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