乡镇政府职能转变的路径研究

发布时间：2018-10-09 09:39

【摘要】：近年来,随着“三农”问题的日益突出和社会主义新农村建设的深入发展,乡镇政府作为国家在农村各项政策的执行者、农村各项事业的管理者,地位日益重要。虽然自改革开放以来,我国农村经济社会发展取得了巨大的成就,但依然存在许多矛盾和问题。因此,探寻科学、合理的乡镇政府职能转变的路径,不仅是提高乡镇政府机构效能的根本保证,也是解决当前经济社会发展中突出矛盾和问题的现实需要。论文分为导论和论文主体部分：第一部分,导论。主要介绍选题的背景和意义；国内外研究现状；研究思路、内容和方法。第一、二、三章是论文的主体部分第一章,乡镇政府职能转变及其理论基础。主要厘清乡镇政府职能的涵义及其相关概念；阐述乡镇政府职能转变的必要性和紧迫性；同时乡镇政府职能转变所涉及的政府职能理论、基层治理理论和新公共管理理论进行具体的阐述。第二章,乡镇政府职能转变的历史考察。主要以新中国成立为历史分域,包括建国以前的中央与地方分权模式、乡里制度的形成和职能状况、民国时期基层政府组织在乡村的职能；建国以后,乡镇政府职能转变演变经过了建国后到社会主义改造完成前、人民公社时期撤销人民公社到税费改革前的不同阶段。现阶段我国乡镇政府职能中维持政府机构运转成为乡镇政府追求的主要目标,同时也普遍存在公共服务职能缺失、经济职能越位、社会管理职能缺位等问题。第三章,乡镇政府职能转变的难点及其对策。乡镇政府职能转变的难点在于历史惯性带来的惰性制约、在理念上认识上存在矛盾、压力型行政体制的制约和现实财政困境的影响。而要解决这一系列难点问题,要明确中构乡镇政府职能转变的基本原则,即依据服务型政府建设的要求突出公共服务职能、遵循善治理念强化社会建设职能、按照政府与市场的原则定位经济智能。在基本原则的指导下，，实现从管理到服务的观念转变、明确乡镇政府与上级政府的职责分工、发挥农村民间组织的功能、改革乡镇机构。同时实施好乡镇政府职能转变的配套支持策略。创新县乡财政体制、妥善化解乡村债务、提升乡镇公务人员的素质和能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasingly prominent "three rural" problems and the further development of the socialist new rural construction, the township government, as the executor of various policies of the country in the rural areas, and the managers of various rural undertakings, have become increasingly important. Although great achievements have been made in the development of rural economy and society since the reform and opening up, there are still many contradictions and problems. Therefore, it is not only the fundamental guarantee to improve the efficiency of township government agencies, but also the practical need to solve the outstanding contradictions and problems in the current economic and social development. The paper is divided into the introduction and the main part of the paper: the first part, the introduction. This paper mainly introduces the background and significance of the topic, the current research situation at home and abroad, the research ideas, contents and methods. The first, second and third chapters are the main part of the thesis, the transformation of township government function and its theoretical basis. It mainly clarifies the meaning of township government function and its related concepts, expounds the necessity and urgency of the transformation of township government function, and at the same time, expounds the theory of government function involved in the transformation of township government function. The basic level governance theory and the new public management theory carry on the concrete elaboration. The second chapter, the historical investigation of the function transformation of township government. Mainly taking the founding of New China as the historical domain, including the central and local decentralization mode before the founding of the people's Republic of China, the formation and function of the township system, the functions of the grass-roots government organizations in the countryside during the period of the Republic of China, and after the founding of the people's Republic of China, The transformation of township government functions has gone through different stages from the founding of the people's Republic of China to the completion of the socialist transformation and the abolition of the people's commune during the people's commune period to the tax and fee reform. At the present stage, it is the main goal of the township government to maintain the function of the government in the township government. At the same time, there are also some problems, such as the lack of public service function, the offside of economic function and the absence of social management function, etc. The third chapter, the difficulty and countermeasure of township government function transformation. The difficulty of the function transformation of township government lies in the inertia restriction brought by historical inertia, the contradiction in concept, the restriction of pressure-type administrative system and the influence of realistic financial predicament. In order to solve this series of difficult problems, we should make clear the basic principle of the transformation of the functions of the township government, that is, to stress the public service function according to the requirements of the service-oriented government construction, and to follow the concept of good governance to strengthen the social construction function. Position economic intelligence according to the principle of government and market. Under the guidance of the basic principles, we should change the concept from management to service, clarify the division of responsibilities between the township government and the higher government, give play to the functions of rural non-governmental organizations, and reform the township organizations. At the same time, the implementation of township government function transformation supporting strategy. Innovation county and township financial system, properly resolve rural debt, improve the quality and ability of township public servants.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D630

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