我国海事部门海上搜救公共服务能力的研究

发布时间：2018-12-14 23:14

【摘要】：海洋蕴藏着极其丰富的资源,我国是海洋大国,海洋经济对我国经济发展的贡献越来越大。随着我国对海洋经济依赖度不断提高,海上活动将更加密集和频繁,由于受自然条件、海上活动人员技能水平、海上船舶或设施技术状况、船岸管理水平等诸多因素的影响,海上险情事故难以避免,且将面临更为严峻的挑战,海上搜寻救助工作也将更趋繁重。海上搜救是我国政府的一项重要的公益性事业,海上搜救工作开展的好坏,直接关系到我国政府的形象和海洋经济的长远发展。做好海上搜救工作,确保人民生命财产安全,保护海洋环境,是各级政府和有关部门义不容辞的责任。我国海事部门作为海上搜救的中坚力量,又是与海洋经济产业紧密相关的政府职能部门,肩负着为海洋经济产业发展保驾护航的重要使命。因此,对我国海事部门海上搜救公共服务能力进行深入的研究,有利于提高我国海事部门在海上搜救中的公共服务品质和政府公信力。本文以公共管理为视角,通过对我国海上搜救现状和海事职能的分析,在肯定我国海事部门在海上搜救工作中取得成绩的同时,进一步认清了当前我国海上搜救形势,提出我国海事部门在海上搜救工作中存在的问题。如海上搜救法律、法规不健全,尚无一部国家层面的基本法；海上搜救法律关系不明,海上搜救机制难以有效发挥;敏感水域的海上搜救活动尚无合作框架,影响搜救行动快速反应；我国海事部门在海上搜救中的地位和作用未得到重视；海上搜救队伍专业化程度不高；日常监管活动与海上搜救行动难以快速实现角色转换等。并运用现代公共管理理论和研究方法,在与美国、日本等发达国家海上安全管理和海上搜救体制机制进行比较的基础上,借鉴国外海上搜救的成功经验,对我国海事部门在海上搜救中存在的主要问题进行全面分析,提出解决我国海事部门在海上搜救中存在问题的对策和建议,旨在增强海事部门海上搜救的公共服务能力,进一步提高海上搜救的成效,如推动海上搜救立法,健全海上搜救法规体系,完善海上搜救应急协调机制；明确我国海事部门在海上搜救中的职责和地位,增强海事部门在海上搜救的主导作用;加强国际或地区间的交流与合作,签署敏感水域海上搜救合作协议；加强海事搜救队伍建设,推行巡航救助一体化建设,提高海上搜救应急处置能力等。
[Abstract]:The ocean is rich in resources. Our country is a great marine country, and the marine economy contributes more and more to the economic development of our country. With China's increasing dependence on the marine economy, marine activities will become more intensive and frequent. Due to the influence of natural conditions, the skill level of marine activists, the technical status of vessels or facilities at sea, the level of ship-shore management, and so on, Accidents at sea are inevitable and will face more serious challenges, and the search and rescue work will be more arduous. Maritime search and rescue is an important public welfare undertaking of our government. The work of maritime search and rescue is good or bad, which is directly related to the image of our government and the long-term development of marine economy. Governments at all levels and relevant departments are duty-bound to do a good job in search and rescue at sea, to ensure the safety of people's lives and property, and to protect the marine environment. As the backbone of maritime search and rescue, the maritime department of our country is also a government functional department closely related to the marine economic industry, which shoulders the important mission of protecting the development of marine economic industry. Therefore, a thorough study on the public service capacity of maritime search and rescue in China is beneficial to improve the quality of public service and the credibility of the government in maritime search and rescue. From the perspective of public administration, through the analysis of the present situation and functions of maritime search and rescue in China, this paper affirms the achievements of maritime search and rescue work in China, and further recognizes the current situation of maritime search and rescue in China. The problems existing in maritime search and rescue work in China are put forward. Such as maritime search and rescue laws, laws and regulations are not perfect, there is no basic law at the national level; The legal relationship of maritime search and rescue is unclear, the mechanism of maritime search and rescue is difficult to play effectively; there is no cooperative framework for maritime search and rescue activities in sensitive waters, which affects the rapid response of search and rescue operations; the position and role of maritime departments in maritime search and rescue in China have not been paid attention to. The degree of specialization of maritime search and rescue teams is not high, and it is difficult to quickly realize the role conversion between daily supervision activities and maritime search and rescue operations. Using modern public management theory and research methods, on the basis of comparing with the maritime safety management and maritime search and rescue system mechanism of developed countries such as the United States and Japan, and drawing lessons from the successful experience of foreign maritime search and rescue, This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the main problems existing in maritime search and rescue in China's maritime departments, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problems existing in maritime search and rescue in China, in order to enhance the public service capacity of maritime search and rescue in maritime departments. Further improve the effectiveness of maritime search and rescue, such as promoting maritime search and rescue legislation, improve maritime search and rescue laws and regulations system, improve maritime search and rescue emergency coordination mechanism; Make clear the responsibility and position of maritime department in maritime search and rescue, strengthen the leading role of maritime department in maritime search and rescue, strengthen international or regional exchanges and cooperation, sign maritime search and rescue cooperation agreement in sensitive waters; Strengthen the construction of maritime search and rescue team, promote the integration of cruise and rescue, and improve the ability of maritime search and rescue emergency response.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D630

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