鲁迅与余华笔下癫狂形象塑造比较论

发布时间：2018-01-18 05:11

本文关键词：鲁迅与余华笔下癫狂形象塑造比较论　出处：《辽宁大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在中国文学历史发展中,癫狂形象以独特的心理特征和审美内涵,成为文学描述的对象。作家们借“癫狂“形象来表达对社会现实的反思和批判以及对反逻辑、反理性的情感诉求。“五四”时期,癫狂者因其内在的反抗逻辑,逐渐成为众多现代作家创作中的重要文学形象。时隔半个多世纪,20世纪80年代以来,中国当代作家又掀起了新一轮的癫狂形象书写高潮。鲁迅和余华,一位是象征着中华“民族魂”的现代文学奠基人,在泥沙俱下的时代,敢于冒天下之大不韪,引导着人们的精神世界;一位是新时期对文学写作有着独特理解和鲜明写作个性具有颠覆性的先锋作家。时空流转中,他们在诸多方面进行着思想上的接壤与交流。虽然他们在癫狂形象塑造的文章中表现的侧重点并不相同,但内质的先锋性使得两位作家在遥隔半个多世纪后,精神上相遇,并得到了文化传承。本文试图从癫狂形象塑造这一微观角度出发,按照人物形象分类评析,向深处挖掘两位作家思想内在的一致性以及传承性,从而在比较中试图找寻由现代文学到当代文学的内在联系。本文分为六章,围绕余华与鲁迅笔下癫狂形象的塑造比较它们的异同之处。第一章从理论上界定了“癫狂”的内涵,在古今癫狂形象的演进中得出了现当代癫狂形象书写的两个高峰。第二章试图从社会、政治、文化语境中寻求二人在癫狂形象塑造背后的社会原因。第三章围绕“癫狂”对比鲁迅、余华二人在癫狂形象塑造上的文学观念。主要从三方面进行对比:一是真实主义与心理真实;二是对灵魂的挖掘与暴力展览;三是“反抗绝望”的哲学与去理性化写作模式。第四章则回到文本,通过阅读比较,将二人笔下的癫狂形象分为四种类型:迫害狂、末路英雄、性格缺陷者以及可怜的小人物,试图寻求二人在塑造这些癫狂形象上的异同之处。第五章以叙事学理论为基础,从叙事视角、叙事结构和叙事语言三方面,对比鲁迅与余华在癫狂文本中的异同。第六章是本文的结论部分,这部分通过东西方癫狂形象上的横向对比,返回鲁迅与余华的癫狂文本,得出了尼采型向福柯型癫狂形象的转变,并以鲁迅为坐标,讲述了余华在其影响下创作上的意义与缺失。综上所述,鲁迅在癫狂形象塑造上开创了中国现代文学之先河,以哲学思考灌注其中,上升到了人类学的高度,既是一位伟大的作家,又是一位有深度的思想家。余华在癫狂形象的塑造上有意识地抛弃了对深度与理性的追求,既有对鲁迅人性主题的拓展与延伸,又有在叙事上的突破,不失为当代优秀的作家。他们的探索与实践都丰富了中国现当代文学的内涵,拓展了癫狂形象的外延。
[Abstract]:In the historical development of Chinese literature, the image of mania has become the object of literary description with its unique psychological characteristics and aesthetic connotations. Writers use the image of "mania" to express their reflection and criticism of social reality and their counter-logic. Anti-rational emotional appeal. "May 4th Movement" period, because of its internal resistance logic, gradually become a number of modern writers in the creation of an important literary image, half a century from the 20th century since 80s. Chinese contemporary writers have set off a new wave of crazy image writing climax. Lu Xun and Yu Hua, the founder of modern literature who symbolizes the "national soul" of China, dare to risk universal condemnation in the dusty times. Guiding the spiritual world of people; One is a pioneer writer who has a unique understanding of literary writing in the new period and whose distinctive writing personality is subversive. Although they have different emphases in the articles created by manic images, the avantgarde of endoplasm makes the two writers separate from each other more than half a century later. Spiritual encounter and cultural heritage. This paper tries to build the image of madness from the micro point of view, according to the classification of characters, to explore the depth of the two writers thought of the internal consistency and inheritance. Therefore, the author tries to find the internal connection from modern literature to contemporary literature in comparison. This article is divided into six chapters, around Yu Hua and Lu Xun under the creation of the image of madness compared their similarities and differences. The first chapter from the theoretical definition of "mania" connotation. In the evolution of the image of mania in ancient and modern times, there are two peaks in the writing of the image of mania in modern times. The second chapter tries to make an attempt from the social and political aspects. In the cultural context, we seek the social reasons behind the creation of the manic image. Chapter three contrasts Lu Xun around "Madness". The literary ideas of Yu Hua in the creation of crazy image are mainly contrasted from three aspects: one is truthism and the other is psychological truthfulness; Second, the excavation of the soul and the exhibition of violence; The third is the philosophy of resisting despair and the mode of derationalized writing. Chapter 4th returns to the text, through reading and comparing, the two people's crazy image is divided into four types: persecute, terminal hero. The personality defects and the poor little people try to find the similarities and differences in the creation of these crazy images. Chapter 5th is based on narratology theory from the perspective of narrative narrative structure and narrative language. Chapter 6th is the conclusion part of this paper. This part through the horizontal comparison of the image of East-West mania, return to Lu Xun and Lu Xun crazy text. The transformation from Nietzsche to Foucault is obtained, and then, taking Lu Xun as the coordinate, the author tells the significance and lack of Yu Hua's creation under his influence. To sum up, Lu Xun in the creation of the image of madness created the first modern Chinese literature, with philosophical thinking into which, rose to the height of anthropology, is a great writer. Yu Hua consciously abandoned the pursuit of depth and reason in the creation of crazy image, which not only expanded and extended the theme of human nature of Lu Xun, but also made a breakthrough in narration. Their exploration and practice have enriched the connotation of modern and contemporary Chinese literature and expanded the extension of crazy image.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：I207.42

【引证文献】