岩画和壁画类文物微生物病害研究进展

发布时间：2018-07-05 12:19

本文选题：岩画和壁画 + 群落分析　；参考：《生态学报》2014年06期

【摘要】：古代岩画和壁画是人类文明发展历史进程的重要记录,具有极高的历史价值、艺术价值及科学价值,但他们无时无刻不受到环境因素引起的物理、化学及生物的劣化作用。近年,有关微生物对古代岩/壁画的危害逐渐受到关注。阐述了世界一些著名的岩/壁画文物的微生物的研究进展,如法国拉斯科洞穴岩画(Lascaux Cave)、西班牙阿尔塔米拉洞穴岩画(Altamira Cave)、敦煌石窟壁画、嘉峪关魏晋墓壁画以及我国东北地区公元5世纪的墓葬壁画等。通过对以上所述岩画和壁画微生物群落的分析比较,发现主要的细菌群落是变形菌门和放线菌门,放线菌门以假诺卡氏菌为主。真菌群落主要以虫生真菌为主。进一步分析了岩画和壁画微生物病害的共性和区别,揭示了洞穴、墓室等特殊环境下的微生物群落特点,为防治古代岩/壁画微生物病害提供了以下借鉴。
[Abstract]:Ancient rock paintings and murals are important records of the development of human civilization. They have high historical value, artistic value and scientific value, but they are always affected by the deterioration of physics, chemistry and biology caused by environmental factors. In recent years, the damage of microbes to ancient rock / mural paintings has attracted more and more attention. This paper describes the research progress of microbes in some famous rock / mural relics in the world, such as Lascaux Cave in France, Altamira Cave in Arta, Spain, and Dunhuang Cave murals in Dunhuang Grottoes. Jiayuguan Wei Jin tomb murals and 5 th century tombs in northeast China. Through the analysis and comparison of the microbial communities of the above mentioned rock paintings and murals, it is found that the main bacterial communities are Proteus and actinomycetes, and the actinomycetes are mainly Pseudo-Nocardia. The fungal community was dominated by insecticidal fungi. The commonness and difference of microbial diseases between rock paintings and murals are further analyzed, and the characteristics of microbial communities in caves, tombs and other special environments are revealed, which provide the following references for the prevention and control of ancient rock / mural microbial diseases.
【作者单位】：南开大学生命科学学院微生物系分子微生物学与技术教育部重点实验室;中国文化遗产研究院;
【基金】：财政部中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助中国文化遗产研究院基本科研业务费课题(2009-JBKY-16)
【分类号】：K879.4;Q93

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