从张家坡墓地看西周社会基层地域组织
发布时间：2018-09-10 08:17
【摘要】：陕西长安张家坡西周墓地1983-1986年发掘区的北区墓地中既有周人贵族井叔家族的墓葬,也有殷遗民和古羌族的墓葬,所以该墓地的性质不是单纯的井叔家族墓地。本文参考出土文字和传世文献中有关"里"的记载,认为"里"是西周的地域性基层组织,在晚商时期就已经出现了,而且"里"中居民的身份可以是多种多样的。在西周时的都城丰邑中聚居着周人和其联合的他族部众,以及从东面迁来的殷遗民,人群构成可谓复杂。面对这种形势,周王朝的统治者在利用血缘家族的纽带作用来维系其统治的同时,还使用了高于血缘关系的基层地域组织—"里",以对居住于丰邑的诸族人群进行统一管辖。所以本文推测张家坡北区墓地是井叔家族所居住的丰邑中某个"里"的聚葬地,属于地域性墓地。由此可见,考古发现的商周时期的墓地并不一定都是家族墓地,这些墓地中所埋葬人群的社会关系有可能是地缘性的。
[Abstract]:Zhangjiapo Western Zhou Cemetery in Changan, Shaanxi Province, was excavated from 1983 to 1986 in the North District, where there were tombs of the Jing Shu family of the Zhou aristocrat, as well as those of the Yin people and the ancient Qiang nationality, so the nature of the cemetery is not a pure tomb of the Jing uncle family. Referring to the records of "Li" in the unearthed text and the ancient literature, this paper holds that "Li" is a regional grass-roots organization of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which has already appeared in the late Shang Dynasty, and the identity of the residents in "Li" can be varied. In Fengyi, the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the people of Zhou and their United members of other ethnic groups, as well as the people of Yin who migrated from the east, made up a complex crowd. Faced with this situation, the rulers of the Zhou Dynasty used the bond of blood family to maintain their rule, and at the same time, they also used the grassroots regional organization, "Li", which was higher than the blood relationship, in order to exercise unified jurisdiction over the various ethnic groups living in Fengyi. Therefore, this paper speculated that Zhangjiapo North Cemetery is a "Li" gathering burial place in Fengyi, where the Jing Shu family lives, and belongs to the regional cemetery. It can be seen that the tombs found in Shang and Zhou dynasties are not necessarily family cemeteries, and the social relations of the people buried in these cemeteries may be geographical.
【作者单位】： 吉林大学古籍研究所;
【分类号】：K878.8
本文编号：2233885
[Abstract]:Zhangjiapo Western Zhou Cemetery in Changan, Shaanxi Province, was excavated from 1983 to 1986 in the North District, where there were tombs of the Jing Shu family of the Zhou aristocrat, as well as those of the Yin people and the ancient Qiang nationality, so the nature of the cemetery is not a pure tomb of the Jing uncle family. Referring to the records of "Li" in the unearthed text and the ancient literature, this paper holds that "Li" is a regional grass-roots organization of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which has already appeared in the late Shang Dynasty, and the identity of the residents in "Li" can be varied. In Fengyi, the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the people of Zhou and their United members of other ethnic groups, as well as the people of Yin who migrated from the east, made up a complex crowd. Faced with this situation, the rulers of the Zhou Dynasty used the bond of blood family to maintain their rule, and at the same time, they also used the grassroots regional organization, "Li", which was higher than the blood relationship, in order to exercise unified jurisdiction over the various ethnic groups living in Fengyi. Therefore, this paper speculated that Zhangjiapo North Cemetery is a "Li" gathering burial place in Fengyi, where the Jing Shu family lives, and belongs to the regional cemetery. It can be seen that the tombs found in Shang and Zhou dynasties are not necessarily family cemeteries, and the social relations of the people buried in these cemeteries may be geographical.
【作者单位】： 吉林大学古籍研究所;
【分类号】：K878.8
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