雷州蒲草种植与蒲织传统技艺研究
发布时间：2019-01-02 12:44
【摘要】：草编工艺是我国民间传统工艺百花园中的奇葩。据考古发现,1973年在浙江余姚河姆渡遗址出土了中国最早的草编遗物,是以二经二纬法编织的苇席残片,距今7000多年。良渚文化时期出土的距今5000多年的草编遗物显示,其编织技法进一步复杂化,产生了梅花眼、辫子口等工艺。雷州蒲织渊源久远、工艺精湛,产品精致,特色鲜明活泼,充溢地方风土人情和浓郁传统文化意韵;是当地人民薪火相传的民俗文化的重要组成部分。首先,从工艺技术角度而言,雷州蒲草编织是一种造物技术,其原料生态化,制作手工化,造型传统化,图案民俗化,艺术生活化;总之,其“原料虽然廉价,但创造的作品却最贴近生活,最能反映劳动人民的愿望和情趣”,并且“土而不浅薄,俗而不平庸,粗而不拙劣”,是民族文化的凝聚和精华。其次,从社会民俗的视角来看,雷州蒲织承载着本土化的生产与生活的民族民间习俗文化;当今,民间草编工艺品市场日趋国际化,技术日益标准化,生产流水线化,这虽然可能为地方创造巨大经济利益,但同时,这也使民间草编习俗所承载的地方民俗文化面临着碎片化的危机;所以,对雷州蒲织草编进行考察和研究,可为其民间工艺的传承与保护起到积极作用。再者,从产业经济角度分析,雷州蒲织业曾经创造“通行海外为出产第一大宗,县属中人产家皆恃出供衣食,下者更一日不可无”的辉煌历史;现今,党的十八届五中全会提出了“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的五大发展理念及“大众创业,万众创新”施政纲领,西方因厌倦工业文明的机械化产品而日益倡导“使用自然材料是一种趋势,自然就是未来”的消费理念和可持续发展生态观;在这种大背景下,独具特色的民间草编,将拥有巨大的经济开发潜力。最后,从“非物质文化遗产”角度看,2012年,雷州蒲织技艺被列入广东省“非遗”保护名录,借自媒体的宣传,其渐次进入普罗大众的视野。然而,其价值却远远未能成为专家学者研究的关注点,着实令人遗憾。笔者对雷州蒲织技艺充满温情与敬意,并对此进行专题研究;希望起到抛砖引玉、弥补研究缺环的作用。本文对雷州蒲草的种植环境进行简略考述,回顾雷州蒲草栽培技术简史;分析雷州蒲织技艺的历史渊源与传承谱系;总结雷州蒲织业贸易发展历程。重点对蒲织生产的传统工艺进行田野考察,包括对材料、生产工具、生产工艺流程和编织技法、产品艺术特色等进行研究。进而从“非物质文化遗产”保护与利用视角,探讨雷州蒲织传统技艺的内涵与价值、存在的主要问题及保护与利用对策;以期对雷州蒲织传统技艺这一饱含农耕文明、充溢泥土芬芳的“草根文化”在现实语境下的保护与利用,探索出一条双赢的可供选择的路径,并借此引发社会各界对此给予更多的关注。
[Abstract]:Straw weaving process is a rare flower in the hundred gardens of folk arts and crafts in our country. According to archaeological discoveries, the earliest straw remains of China were unearthed in 1973 at the site of Hemudu in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, which is a piece of Reed mat woven by two warps and two latitudes, more than 7000 years ago. More than 5000 years of straw relics unearthed in the Liangzhu Culture period showed that the weaving techniques were further complicated, resulting in the production of plum blossom eyes, braids and so on. Leizhou has a long history, exquisite craftsmanship, exquisite products, distinctive and lively characteristics, full of local customs and rich traditional culture rhyme; it is an important part of the folk culture handed down by the local people. First of all, from the technical point of view, Leizhou grass weaving is a kind of creation technology, its raw material ecological, handmade, traditional modeling, design folklore, art life; In a word, "although the raw materials are cheap, the works created are the closest to life and can best reflect the wishes and interests of the working people." and "the earth is not shallow, vulgar but not mediocre, coarse but not clumsy" is the condensation and essence of national culture. Secondly, from the point of view of social folklore, Leizhou Pu Weaving carries the national folk custom culture which is native production and life. Nowadays, the market for folk straw handicrafts is becoming more international, the technology is becoming more standardized and the production line is becoming increasingly, which may create huge economic benefits for the local people, but at the same time, This also makes the folk straw custom carry the local folk custom culture to face the crisis of fragmentation; Therefore, the investigation and research on Leizhou's straw weaving can play an active role in the inheritance and protection of its folk arts and crafts. Furthermore, from the angle of industrial economy, Leizhou Pu weaving industry has created the glorious history of "passing overseas as the first large quantity of production, the county belongs to the family of Chinese people for food and clothing, and the next day is indispensable". At present, the Fifth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee has put forward the five development concepts of "innovation, coordination, green, opening up and sharing" and the policy agenda of "Mass Entrepreneurship, all Innovation". Because the West is tired of the mechanized products of industrial civilization, it is increasingly advocating that "using natural materials is a trend, nature is the future" consumption concept and sustainable development ecological view; In this context, the unique folk straw, will have a huge potential for economic development. Finally, from the point of view of "intangible cultural heritage", in 2012, Lei Zhou Po Weaving technique was listed in Guangdong Province's "non-posthumous" protection list, and gradually entered the field of vision of the general public by means of media propaganda. However, its value is far from becoming the concern of experts and scholars. The author is full of warmth and respect for the art of Leizhou Pu weaving, and makes a special study on it, hoping to play a role of drawing on the jade and making up for the missing of the research. In this paper, the cultivation environment of Rhizoma Leizhou is briefly studied, and a brief history of its cultivation techniques is reviewed; the historical origin and lineage of the techniques of Leizhou bushy weaving are analyzed; and the course of trade development of Leizhou bushweed industry is summarized. This paper focuses on the field investigation of the traditional production techniques, including materials, production tools, production processes and weaving techniques, as well as the artistic characteristics of the products. From the perspective of protection and utilization of "intangible cultural heritage", this paper discusses the connotation and value, the main problems and the countermeasures of protection and utilization of the traditional art of Lei Zhou Po Weaving. In order to protect and utilize the traditional technique of Lei Zhou Po Weaving, which is full of farming civilization and filled with the fragrance of soil, in the realistic context, we can explore a win-win alternative path. And by this to cause the community to give more attention to this.
【学位授予单位】：华南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：J528.5
本文编号：2398502
[Abstract]:Straw weaving process is a rare flower in the hundred gardens of folk arts and crafts in our country. According to archaeological discoveries, the earliest straw remains of China were unearthed in 1973 at the site of Hemudu in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, which is a piece of Reed mat woven by two warps and two latitudes, more than 7000 years ago. More than 5000 years of straw relics unearthed in the Liangzhu Culture period showed that the weaving techniques were further complicated, resulting in the production of plum blossom eyes, braids and so on. Leizhou has a long history, exquisite craftsmanship, exquisite products, distinctive and lively characteristics, full of local customs and rich traditional culture rhyme; it is an important part of the folk culture handed down by the local people. First of all, from the technical point of view, Leizhou grass weaving is a kind of creation technology, its raw material ecological, handmade, traditional modeling, design folklore, art life; In a word, "although the raw materials are cheap, the works created are the closest to life and can best reflect the wishes and interests of the working people." and "the earth is not shallow, vulgar but not mediocre, coarse but not clumsy" is the condensation and essence of national culture. Secondly, from the point of view of social folklore, Leizhou Pu Weaving carries the national folk custom culture which is native production and life. Nowadays, the market for folk straw handicrafts is becoming more international, the technology is becoming more standardized and the production line is becoming increasingly, which may create huge economic benefits for the local people, but at the same time, This also makes the folk straw custom carry the local folk custom culture to face the crisis of fragmentation; Therefore, the investigation and research on Leizhou's straw weaving can play an active role in the inheritance and protection of its folk arts and crafts. Furthermore, from the angle of industrial economy, Leizhou Pu weaving industry has created the glorious history of "passing overseas as the first large quantity of production, the county belongs to the family of Chinese people for food and clothing, and the next day is indispensable". At present, the Fifth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee has put forward the five development concepts of "innovation, coordination, green, opening up and sharing" and the policy agenda of "Mass Entrepreneurship, all Innovation". Because the West is tired of the mechanized products of industrial civilization, it is increasingly advocating that "using natural materials is a trend, nature is the future" consumption concept and sustainable development ecological view; In this context, the unique folk straw, will have a huge potential for economic development. Finally, from the point of view of "intangible cultural heritage", in 2012, Lei Zhou Po Weaving technique was listed in Guangdong Province's "non-posthumous" protection list, and gradually entered the field of vision of the general public by means of media propaganda. However, its value is far from becoming the concern of experts and scholars. The author is full of warmth and respect for the art of Leizhou Pu weaving, and makes a special study on it, hoping to play a role of drawing on the jade and making up for the missing of the research. In this paper, the cultivation environment of Rhizoma Leizhou is briefly studied, and a brief history of its cultivation techniques is reviewed; the historical origin and lineage of the techniques of Leizhou bushy weaving are analyzed; and the course of trade development of Leizhou bushweed industry is summarized. This paper focuses on the field investigation of the traditional production techniques, including materials, production tools, production processes and weaving techniques, as well as the artistic characteristics of the products. From the perspective of protection and utilization of "intangible cultural heritage", this paper discusses the connotation and value, the main problems and the countermeasures of protection and utilization of the traditional art of Lei Zhou Po Weaving. In order to protect and utilize the traditional technique of Lei Zhou Po Weaving, which is full of farming civilization and filled with the fragrance of soil, in the realistic context, we can explore a win-win alternative path. And by this to cause the community to give more attention to this.
【学位授予单位】：华南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：J528.5
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