想象的偶然——从近代早期中英煤炭业比较研究看“加州学派”的分流观

发布时间：2018-01-22 08:27

本文关键词： 加州学派大分流偶然论近代早期江南煤炭　出处：《清史研究》2014年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】："加州学派"将中国西北与江南之间巨大的地理差异,作为江南未能走向近代化的关键原因,并将英国煤炭偶然所处的地理位置,看做是导致中西分流的决定性因素之一。这不但忽略了江南及其临近地区的煤炭储量及开发情况,更试图从纯粹地理环境的角度去看待这一重大命题,简化了近代早期江南与英国在燃料利用方面的深层差别。通过对近代早期英国与江南及其临近地区煤炭业的比较,可发现两地都拥有丰富的煤炭资源,但在燃料利用结构、矿业政策、开采技术方面存在很大差异,致使煤炭业在两地趋向了完全不同的发展道路。这为批判地回应"加州学派"有关中西分流"偶然论"的观点,提供了一个新的视角。
[Abstract]:The "California School" regards the huge geographical difference between northwest China and Jiangnan as the key reason why the southern part of the Yangtze River has not been modernized, and the geographical position of British coal accidentally. It not only ignores the coal reserves and development in the south of the Yangtze River and its adjacent areas, but also attempts to look at this important proposition from the perspective of pure geographical environment. It simplifies the deep difference between the early modern Jiangnan and Britain in the use of fuel. By comparing the coal industry between the early modern England and the south of the Yangtze River and its adjacent areas, it can be found that both places have abundant coal resources. However, there are significant differences in fuel use structure, mining policy and mining technology. As a result, the coal industry tends to a completely different way of development in both places, which provides a new angle of view to critically respond to the view of "California School" concerning the separation of China and the West from the theory of chance.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学清史研究所;
【分类号】：F416.21;F426.21;K14
【正文快照】： 一、问题的提出作为比较经济史研究方法的有力践行者,“加州学派”因其阵容庞大,观点新颖,得到了较多关注。该学派成员之间虽在看待问题的角度上互有差异,但基本都认同此一观点:至少在1800年之前,西方与中国相比并没有明显的内生优势,中国仍占据世界经济的中心位置,只是到了19

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