论我国竞争性科研项目经费配置模式的困境及优化路径——兼论竞争性和非竞争性科研经费协调投入机制

发布时间：2018-01-20 07:56

本文关键词： 科研项目制竞争性经费非竞争性经费科技体制　出处：《天津行政学院学报》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：项目制是工业社会科研管理的基本组织形式。新中国成立后,我国仿照苏联模式迅速建立起高度计划型科研体制,以科技项目攻关的形式取得了一批世界级科研成果,突显了体制优势。改革开放后,在科技体制变迁的进程中,我国逐渐建立了竞争性科研项目经费配置模式,极大地调动了科研机构与科研人才的积极性,提升了科研经费使用效率。然而,随着项目制的全面铺开,依托于"条块"分割体制的竞争性科研项目经费配置模式逐渐异化为科研潜能的制约因素,同时造成科研经费分配碎片化、分散化现象大量蔓延,浪费了科研人才大量时间与精力。因此,健全国家创新体系、加快建成创新型国家,必须抓住科研经费分配和科研人才培养两个关键因素,及时完善竞争性与非竞争性科研经费相协调的投入机制,进一步释放科研潜能。
[Abstract]:Project system is the basic organizational form of scientific research management in industrial society. After the founding of New China, our country quickly established a highly planned scientific research system in accordance with the Soviet model. In the form of scientific and technological projects, a number of world-class scientific research achievements have been achieved, highlighting the institutional advantages. After the reform and opening up, in the process of scientific and technological system changes, China has gradually established a competitive scientific research project allocation model. It has greatly aroused the enthusiasm of scientific research institutions and scientific talents, and improved the efficiency of the use of scientific research funds. However, with the overall spread of the project system. The allocation mode of competitive scientific research project based on "slice" division system is gradually dissimilated as the restriction factor of scientific research potential, at the same time, the distribution of scientific research funds is fragmented, and the phenomenon of decentralization spreads in a large number. Therefore, to perfect the national innovation system and speed up the establishment of an innovative country, we must grasp the allocation of scientific research funds and the cultivation of scientific research personnel two key factors. Timely improve the competitive and non-competitive research funding coordination investment mechanism, further release the potential for scientific research.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学;
【基金】：中国人民大学“统筹支持一流大学和一流学科建设”的经费支持
【分类号】：F812.45;G322
【正文快照】： 项目制是当今国际通行的科研组织形式,竞争性渠道是获取科研项目经费的主要途径,二者结合便形塑了竞争性科研项目经费配置模式。我国自1985年开始推行科研项目公开招标和技术合同制以来,项目竞争逐渐成为科研人才获取经费的主要途径。竞争性项目经费分配模式作为我国科技体制

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