财政转移支付对我国地区经济收敛的影响分析

发布时间：2018-04-28 12:33

本文选题：财政转移支付 + 经济增长　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国发生了由计划经济向市场经济的转变,市场经济的潜力得到很大释放,我国经济也呈现出持续快速稳定的发展,取得了令人瞩目的成就,人民生活水平得到显著提高,综合国力和竞争力也不断增强。但在经济总量增长的同时,经济发展不平衡、地区经济增长差距逐渐扩大成为学术界和政治界日益关注的问题。伴随着区域经济均衡发展战略的提出,国家相继实施西部大开发战略、振兴东北老工业基地战略和中部崛起战略,财政转移支付成为国家宏观调控和缩小地区发展差距的手段,旨在促进地区间经济增长收敛,平衡各地发展。围绕地区经济增长收敛问题,经济学家从不同的视角采用不同的实证方法和理论分析对形成差距的原因和收敛机制进行研究,并提出相应的政策建议,形成了一大批理论成果,也为中央制定区域发展政策提供了意见。本文从财政转移支付角度出发,研究中央政府对地方政府的转移支付对地区经济增长的影响,利用我国1995-2011年各省面板数据在扩展的索洛模型基础上分析财政转移支付对全国地区经济收敛的作用,并将全国划分为东、中、西三部分分别研究其作用。本文共分为五章,首先从本文的研究背景和研究意义出发,说明文章的研究价值,接着总结经济收敛有关的理论和研究结果,阐述和评价经济收敛研究相关的各种实证分析方法,再介绍财政转移支付理论研究,重点总结了财政转移支付对地区经济增长收敛方面的研究。其次,本文介绍了财政转移支付对地区经济差距的影响机制,详细介绍了财政分权理论和财政转移支付的定义、分类、作用和对经济收敛的影响,指出财政转移支付可以均衡地区间公共支出水平进而均衡地区经济发展最后缩小地区经济差距促进地区经济收敛。再次,本文利用指数分析和β收敛实证分析研究地区间经济收敛问题。方面,本文通过计算和分解1978-2012年全国泰尔指数来描述改革开放以来我国地区差距的演变趋势和组内差距、组间差距对我国总体差距的贡献度。另一方面,本文利用我国各省份面板数据采用固定效应和随机效应分时间段和地区验证地区收敛性,以人均国内生产总值的增长率为因变量,分析财政转移支付、人力资本、物质资本、人口增长率对我国总体、东、中、西四大部分经济增长和经济收敛的作用。最后,在理论分析和实证结果上提出相应的政策建议,实现地区间均衡发展,第一,我国应加大财政转移支付力度,平衡地区发展差距。第二,加大人力资本投入带动经济更好更快发展,来发挥人力资本对经济增长的正向促进作用。第三,继续加大对中西部地区的政策扶持力度,针对不同地区经济发展的实际情况,制定统一且有差别的区域政策,发挥区域优势,分类指导和调控各地区发展。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China has undergone a transition from a planned economy to a market economy, and the potential of the market economy has been greatly released. Our economy has also shown sustained, rapid and stable development, and has made remarkable achievements. The standard of living of the people has been improved significantly, and the overall national strength and competitiveness have also been continuously enhanced. At the same time, the economic development is unbalanced, and the gap between regional economic growth and economic growth has gradually become an issue of increasing concern in academic and political circles. Along with the strategy of balanced development of regional economy, the state has implemented the strategy of developing the west one after another, the strategy of revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China and the strategy of rising up of the central region, and the financial transfer payment has become the means of national macro-control and narrowing the gap of regional development. The aim is to promote the convergence of regional economic growth and balance local development. Focusing on the convergence of regional economic growth, economists use different empirical methods and theoretical analysis from different perspectives to study the causes and convergence mechanism of the gap, and put forward corresponding policy recommendations, forming a large number of theoretical results. It also provides advice for the central government to formulate regional development policies. From the perspective of fiscal transfer payment, this paper studies the influence of central government transfer payment to local government on regional economic growth. Based on the extended Solow model, this paper analyzes the effect of fiscal transfer payment on the convergence of national economy by using the provincial panel data from 1995 to 2011 in China, and divides the whole country into three parts: east, middle and west. This paper is divided into five chapters. Firstly, from the background and significance of this paper, it explains the research value of the paper, and then summarizes the relevant theories and results of economic convergence. This paper expounds and evaluates various empirical analysis methods related to the study of economic convergence, then introduces the theoretical study of fiscal transfer payment, and summarizes emphatically the research on the convergence of regional economic growth by fiscal transfer payment. Secondly, this paper introduces the influence mechanism of fiscal transfer payment on regional economic gap, and introduces in detail the theory of fiscal decentralization and the definition, classification, function and impact on economic convergence of fiscal decentralization theory and fiscal transfer payment. It is pointed out that fiscal transfer payment can balance the level of public expenditure among regions and then balance the regional economic development and finally narrow the regional economic gap and promote regional economic convergence. Thirdly, this paper uses exponential analysis and 尾-convergence empirical analysis to study the problem of inter-regional economic convergence. From 1978 to 2012, this paper describes the evolution trend of regional disparity and intra-group gap, and the contribution of inter-group gap to the overall gap in China by calculating and decomposing the National Terre Index from 1978 to 2012. On the other hand, this paper uses the panel data of every province in China to use the fixed effect and random effect to test the regional convergence in time and region, and takes the growth rate of GDP per capita as the dependent variable to analyze the fiscal transfer payment, human capital, and so on. Material capital and population growth rate play an important role in the economic growth and economic convergence of China as a whole, east, middle and west. Finally, in the theoretical analysis and empirical results of the corresponding policy recommendations to achieve balanced development among regions. First, our country should increase financial transfer payments to balance regional development gap. Second, increase investment in human capital to promote better and faster economic development, to give play to the positive role of human capital to promote economic growth. Third, we should continue to increase policy support for the central and western regions, formulate unified and differentiated regional policies in accordance with the actual conditions of economic development in different regions, give play to regional advantages, and guide and regulate the development of various regions by classification.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F812.45;F127

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