基本公共服务供给效率与公平协调性分析

发布时间：2018-01-25 16:13

本文关键词： 基本公共服务供给效率公平协调性　出处：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国国民经济得到高速发展。同时,与公民切身利益相关的需求也在增长,虽然政府已经出台一系列促进社会和谐的举措,但这仍然不能平衡这两者之间不协调增长的矛盾。特别是主要由政府供给的那些与居民生活密切相关的公共服务出现了严重短缺,“十二五”规划中也明确指出“我国基本公共服务供给不足、发展不平衡”的现状。然而,提供基本公共服务是政府的主要职能,是维持社会基本平等稳定的基础。以往国内学者评价基本公共服务的供给效率主要考察投入和产出两个指标出发,提升基本公共服务供给效率的途径无外乎加大投入和提高产出效果两种方式。就现阶段中国实际而言,短期内想要通过大幅度增加公共服务投入是不大现实的,即使在各地方政府财政能力均等的条件下,由于地域差异性,不同的地方政府供应同样的基本公共服务所需的成本也是不同的。因此,近几年来,实现基本公共服务供给的公平即相对平等的资源分配研究成为了热点,大家都企望能聚焦在这个问题上探讨提升公共服务供给效率的另一条路径,特别是在十八大、十八大三中全会等通过的一系列政策文件出台后,这个问题更由政策层面深入到理论界的研究领域,引起了广泛关注。不管是效率研究还是公平研究,如何解决我国现阶段社会各方面的差距,实现公共服务有效并相对平均的供给成为了与民生相关的另一个聚焦点。立足上述背景,本文尝试探讨公共服务供给的新路径,即效率与公平的协调供给,既然以投入决定的产出效果和资源分配的差异程度都会影响到公共服务的供给,那么能否协调好这两个方面的发展,找到问题折衷解决的方法则是本文研究的重点。本文从系统理论和福利经济学理论等视角出发,首先对核心概念如基本公共服务效率与公平协调性等进行界定,然后对国内外相关理论及模型方法进行梳理。然后运用基础教育、医疗卫生和社会保障作为基本公共服务的研究对象,采用2013年我国31个省市的相关数据,利用DEA-Tobit方法对其供给效率进行评估,判断我国东中西部地区的效率各自存在不同的原因以及外部环境变量对其的影响。其次,再对基本公共服务供给公平性进行评估,结合变异系数、洛伦兹曲线、泰尔指数测算方法,采用横向和纵向比较分析。然后,结合效率与公平结论通过排序比较法和标准分数差值法再对我国地方政府基本公共服务供给效率与公平协调性进行分析。最后得出结论,提出有助于缩小区域间基本公共服务的差异,促进基本公共服务相对供给公平,提高效率与公平协调性的相关对策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the national economy of our country has been developing at a high speed. At the same time, the demand related to the vital interests of citizens is also increasing, although the government has introduced a series of measures to promote social harmony. However, this still does not balance the incongruous growth contradiction between the two, especially the severe shortage of public services, which are mainly provided by the government, which are closely related to the life of the residents. The "12th Five-Year Plan" also points out clearly that "the supply of basic public services in our country is insufficient and the development is not balanced". However, the provision of basic public services is the main function of the government. In the past, domestic scholars evaluated the supply efficiency of basic public services by examining the two indicators of input and output. There are two ways to improve the efficiency of basic public service supply: increasing the input and improving the output effect. As far as the reality of China is concerned, it is not realistic to increase the public service investment in the short term. Even under the condition of equal financial capacity of different local governments, the cost of providing the same basic public services to different local governments is different due to geographical differences. Therefore, in recent years, the cost of providing the same basic public services has been different. To achieve the fairness of the basic public service supply, that is, the relatively equal allocation of resources has become a hot spot, and everyone hopes to focus on this issue to explore another way to improve the efficiency of public service supply. Especially after the adoption of a series of policy documents, such as the third Plenary session of the 18 National Congress and the third Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee, this issue has been deepened from the policy level to the research field of the theoretical circle. It has aroused widespread concern. Whether it is efficiency research or equity research, how to solve the gap between the various aspects of our society at the present stage. The realization of effective and relatively average supply of public services has become another focus related to people's livelihood. Based on the above background, this paper attempts to explore a new path of public service supply, that is, the coordinated supply of efficiency and fairness. Since the output effect determined by input and the degree of difference in resource allocation will affect the supply of public services, can the development of these two aspects be coordinated. From the perspective of system theory and welfare economics, this paper defines the core concepts such as the coordination of basic public service efficiency and fairness. Then the relevant theories and models at home and abroad are combed. Then basic education, health care and social security are used as the basic public services research object. In 2013, the data of 31 provinces and cities in China were used to evaluate the efficiency of supply by using DEA-Tobit method. Judge that there are different reasons for the efficiency of the central and western regions of China and the impact of external environmental variables. Secondly, the equity of the basic public service supply is evaluated, combined with the coefficient of variation, Lorentz curve. The method of measuring the Thiel index is analyzed by horizontal and vertical comparison. Then. Combining the conclusion of efficiency and fairness, this paper analyzes the efficiency and fairness of the supply of basic public services of local government through ranking comparison method and standard score difference method. Finally, the conclusion is drawn. Some suggestions are put forward to reduce the differences of basic public services between regions, to promote the relative fairness of basic public services, and to improve the coordination of efficiency and equity.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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