广东省城乡基本公共服务均等化中的政府责任研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 18:31

本文选题：广东省　切入点：城乡基本公共服务均等化　出处：《云南财经大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着国民经济持续快速发展,中国开始由生存型社会向发展型社会过渡。在这期间,基本公共服务在地区间、城乡间以及不同社会群体间的不均等问题也日趋凸显,并由此引发了一系列社会问题。实施城乡基本公共服务均等化是我国政府根据当前的社会经济发展阶段而变革执政理念的战略举措。系统地研究城乡基本公共服务均等化问题,明确各级政府应负的责任,既具有理论意义与实践价值,又富于开拓性和挑战性。城乡基本公共服务均等化是指城市和农村的居民享有水平大致均等的基本公共服务。其实现手段包括通过供给事权上移来实现纵向平衡和通过公共服务能力均等化来达到横向平衡两方面。其法律保障包括宪法保障和基本公共服务相关法律保障;而其体制保障则主要包括公共财政制度、收入分配制度、城乡协调发展制度和公共服务型政府制度等方面。在城乡基本公共服务均等化中,政府的外部责任包括法律责任、社会责任、政治责任、道德责任和维护公平正义的责任等,而其内部责任则表现为完善财政管理体制、解除乡镇财政困境、改革需求表达机制和改革绩效评价机制等方面。广东省城乡人民在分享改革发展成果方面还存在着较大的差异,城乡区域发展不平衡是制约广东全面协调发展的最大问题。为此,广东省委、省政府高度重视推进基本公共服务均等化工作。2009年12月开始,广东在全省范围内大力推进城乡基本公共服务均等化规划建设。第一阶段(2009—2011年)已取得预期成果,在第二阶段(2012—2014年),广东以惠州为试点在城乡基本公共服务均等化中强化政府责任的实践,为全省提供了经验借鉴。当前,广东城乡基本公共服务均等化中政府责任缺失主要表现在政府外部责任缺失和内部责任缺失等方面,究其原因,主要在于政绩考核标准有误及监管缺位、“城乡二元结构”导致农村公共服务供给匮乏、农民需求表达机制欠缺导致供需信息不对称、公共服务供给模式单一导致供需失衡和公共服务中缺乏规范的权责分配和问责制等。为应对政府责任缺失对城乡基本公共服务均等化带来的影响,实现《规划纲要》提出的各项目标,广东省可以从建立健全城乡基本公共服务均等化的地方法规、建立公共服务型政府、改变城乡二元结构、促进社会合作和加强对公共服务供给的监督等方面来完善政府的外部责任;而完善政府的内部责任则主要表现在合理划分各级政府在城乡基本公共服务中的责任、构建财力与事权相匹配的财政管理体制、实现公共产品供给主体的多元化、完善干部政绩考核制度和提高基本公共服务决策水平等方面。
[Abstract]:With the sustained and rapid development of the national economy, China has begun to transition from a subsistence society to a development-oriented society. During this period, the inequality of basic public services between regions, between urban and rural areas and between different social groups has become increasingly prominent. The implementation of equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas is a strategic measure for our government to change its governing concept according to the current stage of social and economic development. The problem of equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas is systematically studied. It is of theoretical significance and practical value to make clear the responsibility of governments at all levels. The equalization of urban and rural basic public services refers to the basic public services which are roughly equal in level between urban and rural residents. The means of their realization include the vertical balance through the transfer of power of supply. And to achieve horizontal balance through equalization of public service capacity. Its legal guarantee includes constitutional protection and basic public service related legal protection; The system guarantee mainly includes public finance system, income distribution system, urban-rural coordinated development system and public service-oriented government system. In the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas, the external responsibility of government includes legal responsibility. Social responsibility, political responsibility, moral responsibility and responsibility to maintain fairness and justice, and so on, but its internal responsibility is to improve the financial management system, remove the township financial predicament, There are still some differences between urban and rural people in Guangdong Province in sharing the fruits of reform and development. The imbalance of regional development between urban and rural areas is the biggest problem that restricts the overall and coordinated development of Guangdong. Therefore, the Guangdong Provincial Committee and the provincial government attach great importance to promoting the equalization of basic public services. Since December 2009, Guangdong has vigorously promoted the planning and construction of equalization of urban and rural basic public services throughout the province. The first phase has achieved the expected results. In the second phase, 2012-2014, the practice of strengthening government responsibility in the process of equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas in Guangdong Province with Huizhou as a pilot project provides a reference for the whole province. In the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas in Guangdong Province, the lack of government responsibility is mainly manifested in the absence of external responsibility and internal responsibility of the government, and the reasons are investigated. It mainly lies in the error of performance assessment standard and the absence of supervision, the "urban-rural dual structure" leads to the shortage of rural public service supply, and the lack of farmers' demand expression mechanism leads to asymmetric information between supply and demand. The single supply mode of public service leads to the imbalance of supply and demand and the lack of normative distribution of power and responsibility and accountability in public service. In order to deal with the impact of the lack of government responsibility on the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas, To achieve the goals set forth in the outline, Guangdong Province can establish and improve local laws and regulations on equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas, establish a service-oriented government, and change the dual structure of urban and rural areas. Promoting social cooperation and strengthening supervision of the supply of public services to improve the external responsibility of the government, and improve the internal responsibility of the government is mainly reflected in the rational division of the responsibilities of all levels of government in urban and rural basic public services, It is necessary to construct a financial management system that matches financial resources and administrative power, to realize the diversification of the main body of public goods supply, to perfect the system of assessing cadres' achievements and to improve the level of basic public service decision making, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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