社会治理视野中的社会成员身份变革

发布时间：2018-03-11 12:53

本文选题：社会治理　切入点：社会成员身份　出处：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：考察社会成员的身份变革,根据人类社会既有发展进程我们可以概括出两种典型的身份形态：臣民与公民。在农业社会中,社会成员身份主要表现出臣民的特征；在工业社会中,社会成员的身份则以公民的形式呈现。以近代以来主流的观点来看,在社会治理活动中不存在自由主义意义上的“个人”,社会治理活动的参与者总是作为特定共同体中的一员展开行动的。在某种意义上,社会治理模式、共同体形态与社会成员身份之间的关系是相互结构与形塑的。以一种历史主义的解读方式来看,特定历史时期的社会治理的模式与共同体的类型决定了社会成员身份的性质与资格,反过来,社会成员身份也使得这一历史时期的共同体类型及其社会治理模式得到稳固。因而,我们可以判定,个体社会成员身份的历史变革可以成为我们理解社会治理模式变革的一个视角。本文认为,臣民身份、公民身份的生成与变革是由时代特征及其社会治理模式决定的,它们的存续是符合所处时代的要求的。因此,本文对于公民身份的批判建立在全球化、后工业化进程的语境中,认为需要扬弃工业社会既有的静态思维下的社会治理模式,力求在一种动态思维中重新把握社会治理构图与社会成员身份,在公民权利的内在缺陷和公民参与的形式化趋势中去分析公民身份消解的可能性,通过对行动者生成的时代背景及其社会治理方式转型等方面的阐述,以期建构一种全新的身份观念。具体而言,本文将着力在“农业社会——工业社会——后工业社会”的解释框架中,根据每一历史时期的时代特征,在社会治理的视野中去分析那个社会所对应的社会成员身份及其变革。本文除绪论外,共分为五个部分：第一部分为主题的概述,主要介绍本文所用解释框架以及界定与主题相关的概念,为整体研究提供规范性依据；第二部分切入主题,认为从农业社会到工业社会的转变在社会成员身份上表现为从臣民到公民的转变,通过对臣民、公民的特征、权利、义务等的描述,认为从臣民到公民的转变是政治文明的标志性飞跃；第三部分重点分析当前公民身份在社会生活中的境遇,从公民权利的内在缺陷、公民参与的形式化走向、公民活动中的政府控制角度论证公民身份为什么逐渐式微；第四部分首先介绍两种重塑公民身份的尝试并指出它们无法成功的原因,接着重点分析了当前的时代特征,在全球化与随之产生的高度开放性、流动性凸显的时代特征中,社会治理模式出现了转型的迹象,由此产生了一种作为替代公民身份的行动者的构想,并从多角度把握行动者的内涵与外延,最后指出行动者与服务型政府的建构是共进的；最后一部分是结语,总结全文。
[Abstract]:According to the existing development process of human society, we can generalize two typical forms of identity: subjects and citizens. In agricultural society, social membership mainly shows the characteristics of subjects; In industrial society, the status of members of society is presented in the form of citizens. From the perspective of the mainstream since modern times, There is no individual in the sense of liberalism in the social governance activities. The participants in the social governance activities always act as part of a particular community. In a sense, the social governance model, The relationship between the form of the community and the membership of the society is mutually structured and shaped. The pattern of social governance and the type of community in a particular historical period determine the nature and qualifications of social membership. Membership in society also solidifies the type of community and its model of social governance during this historical period. The historical change of individual social membership can be a visual angle for us to understand the transformation of social governance model. This paper holds that the generation and transformation of subjects' identity and citizenship are determined by the characteristics of the times and their social governance models. Therefore, the critique of citizenship in this paper is based on the context of globalization and post-industrialization, and considers it necessary to sublate the social governance model under the static thinking of the industrial society. In a dynamic thinking, we try to re-grasp the composition of social governance and social membership, and analyze the possibility of the resolution of citizenship in the inherent defects of civil rights and the formal trend of citizen participation. By expounding the background of the era and the transformation of social governance, the author hopes to construct a new concept of identity. This paper will focus on the interpretation of "agricultural society-industrial society-post-industrial society", according to the characteristics of each historical period, This paper is divided into five parts except introduction: the first part is an overview of the theme. This paper mainly introduces the explanatory framework used in this paper and defines the concepts related to the theme, which provides the normative basis for the overall study. The second part cuts into the theme. It is believed that the transformation from agricultural society to industrial society is reflected in the transformation from subjects to citizens through the description of subjects, civil characteristics, rights, obligations and so on. The third part focuses on the analysis of the current situation of citizenship in social life, from the inherent defects of civil rights, the formal trend of citizen participation, the transformation from subjects to citizens is an iconic leap of political civilization, the third part focuses on the analysis of the current situation of citizenship in social life. The angle of government control in citizen activities demonstrates why citizenship is gradually declining. Part 4th introduces two attempts to rebuild citizenship and points out the reasons why they can not succeed, and then analyzes the characteristics of the current era. In the era of globalization and its accompanying high openness and mobility, there are signs of transformation in social governance model, which gives rise to the idea of acting as a substitute for citizenship. Finally, the author points out that the construction of actor and service-oriented government goes hand in hand; the last part is the conclusion, which summarizes the full text.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D035;D034.5

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