上海市基层行政执法类公务员风险认知及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 13:23

本文选题：基层行政执法类公务员 + 风险认知　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,我国社会安全事件、公共卫生事件等突发事件的发生频率越来越高,对政府的突发事件应急管理能力提出了巨大挑战,而政府突发事件处理能力提升的关键一环正是作为一线工作人员和决策执行者的基层公务员。基层公务员有没有风险认知、其风险认知高低会影响突发事件的有效预警和及时处置,良好的风险认知是基层公务员面对各类突发事件时做出有效应对、提升政府突发事件管理能力的的重要前提。然而,目前学界研究对于基层公务员,特别是被称为"街头官僚"的基层行政执法类公务员关注不足,对于基层公务员风险认知的系统性研究也比较缺乏。为了解上海市基层公务员面对突发事件时是否具备风险认知能力,剖析其风险认知包含的维度,探知影响风险认知的关键要素,本文以上海市基层行政执法类公务员为突破口,从其日常工作中面对突发事件风险的实际出发,结合人口统计变量,围绕公务员个人特质、突发事件特征和组织三大因素,在风险认知、胜任特征模型等相关理论的指导下,构建了基层行政执法类公务员风险认知影响因素分析模型,在文献综述、专家咨询和访谈的基础上编制了基层行政执法类公务员风险认知测量问卷,最后通过实证研究对上述分析模型进行了检验,主要结论如下:(1)基层行政执法类公务员风险认知主要包括风险事件熟悉程度、风险事件控制程度、风险反应能力、风险预防能力4个维度;(2)基层行政执法类公务员风险认知水平在性别、职责分类、职务级别、受教育程度和突发事件发生频率上不存在显著差异,但是不同职位分类和工作年限会使其风险认知水平产生显著差异;(3)风险发展趋势与基层行政执法类公务员的风险认知正相关;(4)个人特质中的神经质与风险认知负相关,开放性、宜人性和外向性则与基层行政执法类公务员风险认知正相关;(5)组织因素中,单位应急培训有效性和单位应急预案有效性与基层行政执法类公务员风险认知正相关,而组织氛围与风险认知负相关,官僚体系越严密,越是强调规范的组织结构和运行秩序,其成员对整体工作的知晓度越低,风险认知水平越低;(6)执法人员风险认知水平的提升有助于增加其积极应对行为,而组织氛围的优化不仅有助于积极应对行为的增加,更有助于减少其消极回避行为和情绪宣泄。
[Abstract]:At present, the frequency of emergency events such as social security events, public health incidents and other emergencies in China is becoming more and more frequent, which poses a great challenge to the ability of the government to manage emergencies.The key to the improvement of the government's ability to deal with emergencies is the grassroots civil servants as frontline staff and decision executors.The level of risk awareness of grass-roots civil servants will affect the effective early warning and timely handling of emergencies. A good risk awareness is to make effective responses to all kinds of emergencies faced by grass-roots civil servants.The important premise of improving the ability of government emergency management.However, the current academic research for grass-roots civil servants, especially the so-called "street bureaucrats" grass-roots administrative law enforcement civil servants pay less attention to, the grass-roots civil servants risk awareness of the systematic study is also relatively lack.In order to understand whether the civil servants at the grass-roots level in Shanghai have the ability to recognize risks in the face of emergencies, analyze the dimensions of their risk cognition, and find out the key elements that affect risk cognition, this paper takes the civil servants of the basic administrative law enforcement category in Shanghai as the breakthrough point.Based on the reality of the emergency risk in its daily work, combined with demographic variables, it revolves around the three major factors of civil servants' personal characteristics, emergency characteristics and organization, under the guidance of risk cognition, competency model and other relevant theories.Based on literature review, expert consultation and interview, a questionnaire survey on risk cognition of civil servants of administrative law enforcement at grass-roots level is developed, which is based on the analysis model of risk cognition of civil servants in the category of administrative law enforcement at the grass-roots level.Finally, the above analysis model is tested by empirical research. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the risk cognition of civil servants in the basic administrative law enforcement category mainly includes the degree of familiarity with risk events, the degree of control of risk events, and the ability of risk response.There was no significant difference in risk cognition level among basic administrative law enforcement civil servants in gender, duty classification, job level, education level and frequency of unexpected events.However, different job classification and working years will cause significant difference in risk cognition level. (3) the risk development trend is positively correlated with the risk cognition of civil servants in the basic level of administrative law enforcement. (4) the neuroticism in the personal traits is negatively correlated with risk cognition and is open.Among the organizational factors, the effectiveness of unit emergency training and the effectiveness of unit emergency plan are positively related to the risk awareness of grass-roots administrative law enforcement civil servants.The organizational climate is negatively correlated with risk cognition. The more strict the bureaucracy is, the more emphasis is placed on the normative organizational structure and operational order, and the lower the level of awareness of the overall work is,The lower the level of risk cognition is, the higher the level of risk cognition of law enforcement personnel is, and the optimization of organizational atmosphere is not only helpful to increase the positive coping behavior, but also to reduce their negative avoidance behavior and emotional catharsis.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630.3

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