公共治理视角下群体恐慌问题实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 19:36

本文选题：公共危机管理 + 群体恐慌　；参考：《中共中央党校》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,我国正处于经济转轨、社会转型的关键时期,一系列公共危机的发生,容易营造恐慌的社会氛围,加重民众应对公共危机时的心理负担,加剧公共危机的破坏性。换句话说,公共危机中许多灾难性事件并不总是由于灾难本身造成的恶果,群体恐慌引起的群体奔逃、踩踏、挤压也是导致伤亡的重要原因。因此,与公共危机相关联的群体恐慌问题必须引起人们足够重视。通过整理文献,笔者发现国内外关于公共危机管理的研究已经具有相当的深度,但从社会学角度,把公共危机管理中的群体恐慌问题作为研究主题,在调研的基础上深入分析其产生的原因、影响,并且提出思考建议的论著并不多见。本文建立在对群体恐慌现象描述分析的基础上,运用文献法、访谈法、案例分析法等研究方法,梳理群体恐慌问题的研究背景、思路与方法、概念与框架,并对群体恐慌进行了分类,从社会环境、群体认知和个体心理三个方面分析群体恐慌出现的原因,阐述其正面和负面的社会影响,最后从思想层面、思想层面和操作层面分别提出预防和减少群体恐慌的思考建议。本文共分四章。第一章是绪论部分,主要介绍了论文选题背景与意义、文献综述、研究思路与方法、内容框架,对研究主题的提出起到一个提纲挈领的作用;第二章是研究的基础。包括群体恐慌概念、理论原理和案例分析。第三章分析了群体恐慌产生的原因及其影响,内容包括群体恐慌的成因分析和影响分析。第一部分结合访问调查,总结出群体恐慌的成因有如下几点:风险社会中社会安全问题增多,风险性增强,转型社会面临信任危机,基本科技常识缺乏制约居民社会认知能力,盲从心理助长群体恐慌;第二部分是群体恐慌问题的影响。虽然群体恐慌弊大于利,但本章采用辨证分析的思路,仍然具体分析了群体恐慌的利弊:一方面有助于推进群体恐慌问题研究,促进对公共危机管理的反思并提高应对风险的能力,另一方面又破坏社会治安秩序,威胁个体人身财产安全,降低社会信任程度。后者危害社会稳定,属于重点关注并加以治理的问题;最后一章是群体恐慌的治理思考。本文不仅尝试在研究思路上进行创新,而且在理论探讨、分类界定上寻求突破。如在集体行为理论方面,文章指出恐慌程度与同类公共危机事件发生的概率存在相关性。按群体恐慌来源不同,公共危机中的群体恐慌分为“事件型”恐慌和“传播型”恐慌和“混合型”恐慌。本文最后指出,积极应对公共危机中的群体恐慌问题,既要重视公共危机管理,又要突出管理的人文情怀,既要确保公共危机中民众的生命财产安全,又要强调应急管理的心理危机干预。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is in the critical period of economic transition and social transformation. The occurrence of a series of public crises can easily create a panic social atmosphere, increase the psychological burden of the public to deal with the public crisis, and aggravate the destruction of the public crisis. In other words, many catastrophic events in a public crisis are not always the result of the disaster itself, the mass panic caused by the mass fled, stampede, squeeze is also an important cause of casualties. Therefore, the problem of group panic associated with a public crisis must be taken seriously enough. By sorting out the literature, the author finds that the research on public crisis management at home and abroad has a considerable depth, but from a sociological point of view, the problem of group panic in public crisis management as the research theme. On the basis of investigation, it is rare to analyze the causes and effects of the research, and to put forward some thoughts and suggestions. On the basis of describing and analyzing the phenomenon of group panic, this paper uses literature method, interview method, case analysis method and other research methods to sort out the research background, ideas and methods, concept and framework of group panic problem. It also classifies group panic, analyzes the causes of group panic from three aspects of social environment, group cognition and individual psychology, expounds its positive and negative social effects, and finally, from the ideological level, analyzes the causes of group panic. The ideological level and the operational level respectively put forward the thinking suggestions to prevent and reduce group panic. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is the introduction part, which mainly introduces the background and significance of the thesis, literature review, research ideas and methods, content framework, which plays a role in the outline of the research theme; the second chapter is the basis of the research. Including group panic concept, theory and case study. The third chapter analyzes the causes of group panic and its impact, including the cause of group panic and impact analysis. The first part sums up the causes of group panic: the increase of social security problems, the increase of risk, the crisis of trust in the transition society, the lack of basic scientific and technological knowledge to restrict the residents' social cognitive ability. The second part is the influence of group panic. Although group panic does more harm than good, this chapter uses dialectical analysis to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of group panic: on the one hand, it is helpful to advance the study of group panic. It promotes the reflection on public crisis management and improves the ability to deal with risks, on the other hand, it destroys the order of public security, threatens the personal and property safety of individuals, and reduces the degree of social trust. The latter endangers social stability and belongs to the focus of attention and governance; the last chapter is the governance of panic. This paper not only attempts to innovate in the research ideas, but also seeks a breakthrough in theoretical discussion and classification definition. For example, in the theory of collective behavior, it is pointed out that the degree of panic is correlated with the probability of the occurrence of similar public crisis events. According to the source of group panic, the group panic in public crisis can be divided into "event panic" and "spreading panic" and "mixed panic". Finally, this paper points out that to deal with the problem of group panic in public crisis, we should attach importance to the management of public crisis, stress the humanistic feelings of management, and ensure the safety of people's life and property in public crisis. The psychological crisis intervention of emergency management should also be emphasized.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D035

【参考文献】