经济发展视野下的社会权保障研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 03:13

本文选题：社会权保障 + 经济发展　；参考：《东南大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：《尚书·五子之歌》:“民惟邦本,本固邦宁。”保障民生是人类社会永恒的主题。社会权是民生在法学领域的集中表达,它揭示了民生之归属在于社会权保障的实现。社会权保障不仅是发展的目的,也是发展的手段。社会权保障的目的性价值已得到广泛关注与认同,许多国际公约将社会权作为公民的一项基本权利,国家负有尊重、保护和给付的义务。但是,对社会权保障的工具性价值,即发展的手段,则关注较少。在定程度上,社会权保障与经济发展之间存在资源争夺问题,然而从长期看,一方面,社会权保障为经济发展提供良好环境;另一方面,通过人力资本这个纽带,社会权保障为经济发展提供内生动力。社会权保障与经济发展之间存在互促关系,随着经济发展水平的提高,社会权呈螺旋上升态势,不断得到优化和实现。《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》要求各缔约国尽最大努力,用一切适当方法,促进社会权保障逐渐达到“充分状态”。但并没有对“充分状态”给予说明,国家的社会权保障和给付义务达到什么程度才合适?这成为争议的焦点。社会权保障的“充分状态”具有国别性和阶段性,正如马克思所指出的:“权利的发展具有阶段性,经济结构和文化发展是权利发展的基础,权利的发展需要与之相匹配,不能超越经济社会发展的阶段。”本文认为,社会权保障与经济发展水平相匹配的均衡状态就是“充分状态”,在特定时点,社会权保障具有最优的给付标准;在具体阶段,具有可行的给付区间。通过构建以社会权保障为主要变量的经济增长模型,选择我国1978-2014年相关数据展开实证研究,结论表明社会权保障支出构成中的受教育权保障、健康权保障和社会保障权保障均与经济增长正相关,每增加一个百分点,可以促进GDP的相应增长,其中受教育权保障支出的增长效应最强,并且三者占公共支出的比重分别为33%、25%和20%时,人均GDP达到最大化,即实现最大的经济增长效率。目前的社会权保障支出结构与最优比例的差距较大。当前,虽然我国社会权保障总体呈增强态势,但仍与经济发展不匹配,经济发展水平明显高于社会权保障水平。这主要是长期以来我国社会权保障的政府“单中心”给付所造成:第一,在资源稀缺条件下,政府将有限资源投入经济发展;第二,社会权保障制度欠缺,政府、公民、社会组织的沟通协调机制不健全;第三,非政府组织发育不成熟,没有足够的公信力和能力;第四,公民缺乏权利的意识和能力。 ·社会权保障需要构建一个全面系统、相互制衡的合力模型,以实现从政府的“单中心”给付走向政府、非政府组织和公民的“多中心”协同治理。各参与方通过长期、多次博弈,达成动态的合作均衡,引致社会权保障制度变迁,推动社会权保障呈现螺旋式上升态势。这个过程虽然较难完全达到帕累托最优,但仍是卡尔多-希克斯式改进。近年来,我国越来越重视以人为本的协调共享发展,“两个一百年”的发展目标描绘了全面建成小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的宏伟蓝图。从目前情况看,社会权保障是明显的短板。我们要树立以社会权保障为基础的发展观,按照与经济发展相匹配的思路,探索建立3大类17项指标体系,开展实时监测和评估,推动社会权保障的参与方,尤其是政府改善结构性不足、优化公共资源配置、适时完善法律和政策,以促进社会权保障达到“充分状态”。
[Abstract]:"The song of Shang Shu five son": "people only bond, Ben bond." safeguarding the people's livelihood is the eternal theme of the human society. The social right is the concentrated expression of the people's livelihood in the field of law. It reveals that the livelihood of the people is the realization of the social rights protection. The social rights guarantee is not only the purpose of development but also the means of development. Values have received wide attention and recognition, and many international conventions take social rights as a basic right of citizens, and the state bears the obligation to respect, protect and pay. However, there is less attention to the instrumental value of social rights protection, that is, the means of development, and to a certain extent, there is a problem of resource contention between social security and economic development, However, on the one hand, on the one hand, social rights guarantee provides a good environment for economic development; on the other hand, through the link of human capital, social rights guarantee provides endogenous impetus to economic development. There is mutual promotion relationship between social rights protection and economic development. With the improvement of economic development level, social rights are spiralling up and constantly rising. The International Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights requires that the States parties to the International Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights require the States parties to do their utmost to promote the gradual "full state" of social rights protection by all appropriate methods. But to the extent to which "sufficient state" is not given, to what extent can the state's social rights and payment obligations be appropriate? This is a dispute. The "full state" of the protection of social rights is of national and stage nature. As Marx points out, "the development of rights is phased, economic structure and cultural development are the basis of the development of rights. The development of rights needs to be matched with the development of the economic society." this article believes that social rights guarantee. The equilibrium state that matches the economic development level is the "full state". At specific time points, the social rights guarantee has the best payment standard; in the specific stage, it has the feasible payment interval. Through the construction of the economic growth model with the social rights as the main variable, the 1978-2014 year related data in China are selected and the empirical research is carried out. On the basis of the guarantee of the right to education in the social rights security expenditure, the health rights and the social security rights are all positively related to the economic growth. Each increase of one percentage point can promote the corresponding growth of GDP, among which the growth effect of the education right security expenditure is the strongest, and the proportion of the three public expenditure is 33%, 25% and 20%, respectively. The per capita GDP is maximized, that is, to achieve maximum economic growth efficiency. The gap between the structure of social rights protection expenditure and the optimal proportion is large. At present, although the social rights guarantee in China is generally enhanced, it still does not match the economic development, and the level of economic development is obviously higher than the level of social rights protection. This is mainly in China for a long time. The government "single center" payment of social rights guarantee: first, under the condition of scarce resources, the government will put limited resources into economic development; second, the lack of social rights guarantee system, the imperfect communication and coordination mechanism of government, citizens and social organizations; third, the development of non-governmental organizations is not mature, there is not enough credibility and ability; fourth, Citizens lack the consciousness and ability of lack of rights. Social rights guarantee needs to build a comprehensive system and a balance model to realize the "single center" payment from the government to the government, the non-governmental organizations and the "multi center" governance of the citizens. The changes in the system of the right to safeguard the rights of the society and promote the spiral of social rights. Although it is difficult to achieve the best of Pareto, this process is still an improvement of Kaldor Hicks. In recent years, our country has paid more and more attention to the coordinated and shared development of people based. The development goal of "two one hundred years" has depicted a well-off society in an all-round way, From the present situation, the social rights guarantee is a clear short board. We should set up a concept of development based on social rights protection, explore and establish 3 categories of 17 index systems, carry out real-time monitoring and evaluation, and promote the participation of social rights protection. It is to improve the structural deficiencies of the government, optimize the allocation of public resources, and perfect laws and policies in a timely manner, so as to promote social rights protection to achieve "full state".

【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D632.1

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