城市治理中地方政府对于邻避问题的应对策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 07:31

本文选题：政府回应 + 邻避　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：邻避问题是伴随着城市化发展而出现的。随着公民意识的觉醒以及民众对于健康与环境的关注,越来越多的人在面对那些建设于或者将要建设于“自己后院”的邻避设施时,开始产生抵触情绪,进而产生邻避问题。在对邻避问题的研究中,如何解决邻避问题是国内外学者研究的重点之一。诸多研究或是从理论或是从个案出发,分别论证了政府对于邻避问题的应对,主要是从“经济补偿,制度缓解,技术缓解”三个方面着手。但是具体到实际的案例中,部分地方政府对于邻避问题的应对往往是没有起到作用的,邻避问题的解决往往是通过“停建”或者“维稳”的方式结束。为什么同样的应对办法在不同的地方会产生不同的效果,在对案例进行观察的过程中可以发现,这种治理效果的不同经常与邻避设施的类型存在一定的联系。据此本文推论,不同类型的邻避设施引起邻避问题的诱因不同,政府需要根据邻避设施的类型来选择对于邻避问题的回应策略。为了验证这一假设,本文首先对邻避设施进行了分类。根据邻避设施的负外部性,文中把邻避设施分为“环境污染型邻避设施,风险潜在型邻避设施,心理不适型邻避设施”三类。通过对具体的六个案例进行比较分析进而发现,在面对污染型邻避设施时,民众往往会把健康以及周围环境作为第一考虑,而在解决譬如变电站这一类的风险聚集型邻避设施时,民众对于该类设施的反抗情绪往往是由于对于该类设施的科学认识不足而产生过度的担心。在处理诸如殡仪馆这类的心理不适类的邻避设施时,民众不再是从自身安全方面而是从更多是从个人心理感受方面考虑发起反对。基于这个分析可以得出结论,邻避设施的类型决定了地方政府在对邻避问题进行治理时的策略选择。地方政府在对邻避问题的治理中,需要做到对症下药,针对民众的主要利益诉求进行针对性的回应。从民众的诉求出发,才能更好的解决日益严重的邻避问题。
[Abstract]:The problem of neighborhood avoidance appears with the development of urbanization. With the awakening of civic consciousness and the concern of the public for health and environment, more and more people begin to produce resistance and the problem of neighbor avoidance in the face of the neighbor avoidance facilities which are built or will be built in "their own backyard". In the study of neighbor avoidance problem, how to solve it is one of the key points of scholars at home and abroad. Many studies either from theory or from a case, respectively, demonstrate the government's response to the problem of adjacent avoidance, mainly from the "economic compensation, institutional mitigation, technical relief" three aspects. However, in the actual cases, some local governments often do not play a role in dealing with the problem of neighborhood avoidance, and the solution of the problem of neighborhood avoidance is usually ended by the way of "stopping construction" or "maintaining stability". Why do the same responses produce different effects in different places, and in the course of case observation, it is found that the different governance effects are often related to the types of adjacent facilities. Based on this, it is inferred that different types of adjacent avoidance facilities cause different causes of adjacent avoidance problems, and the government needs to choose the response strategy to adjacent avoidance problems according to the types of adjacent avoidance facilities. In order to verify this hypothesis, this paper first classifies the adjacent avoidance facilities. According to the negative externality of adjacent avoidance facilities, the adjacent avoidance facilities are classified into three categories: environmental pollution-type adjacent avoidance facilities, risk potential adjacent avoidance facilities and psychological discomfort adjacent avoidance facilities. Through the comparative analysis of six specific cases, it is found that in the face of pollution-type adjacent facilities, people tend to take health and the surrounding environment as the first consideration. When dealing with the risk gathering adjacent facilities such as substations, the public's resistance to the facilities is often caused by the lack of scientific understanding of such facilities. In dealing with unwell neighbor facilities such as funeral parlors, people are more concerned with their own feelings than with their own safety. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that the type of adjacent facilities determines the strategy choice of local government in the process of governance. In the governance of neighboring problems, local governments need to respond to the main interests of the people. From the appeal of the public, we can better solve the problem of neighborhood avoidance.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630

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