生态文明建设中的政府道德责任研究

发布时间：2018-08-25 12:34

【摘要】：道德责任是伦理学的重要范畴,道德责任的概念由责任具化而来,具有鲜明的层次性：在价值层面,道德责任表现为一种美德;在制度层面,道德责任体现为一种道德责任制度;在行为层面,道德责任还指明了责任主体所具有的道德行为能力。道德责任的分析,大致要说清楚的问题至少要涵盖“谁负责任”,“对谁负责”,“为何负责”、“负何责”以及“如何负责”五个方面,也即本文所指称的道德责任的主体、客体、依据、要素及实现路径。生态文明建设中政府的道德责任,就是要在道德责任的分析理路之下,以生态环境的“公有物”属性和政府“公共性”的内在契合为根基展开。具体而言,生态文明建设中政府道德责任的主体既包括政府组织,也包括其中的行政人员。政府组织是公共利益的代表,具有鲜明的公共性特征。道德责任的客体包含对人和对自然两方面,相应的,生态文明建设中政府道德责任的客体一方面是指可见的自然生态,这是一种典型的“公共物品”,遵循“公共物品”的运行逻辑；另一方面指背后承载的公共利益,本文将其看做是生态文明建设中政府道德责任的抽象客体。生态与政府责任的契合依据,也是在此基础上论证而来。质言之,生态文明建设中政府道德责任承担的深层依据在于生态环境的公共利益属性与政府公共利益代表的角色认定。如此,在生态文明建设中,从个体道德责任出发,为了维护和实现公共利益,在政府行政人员的个体素养中,丰富的生态环境道德知识；“生态性”的生态道德责任态度；坚定地生态道德责任意志构成了个体主体素养体系的“知、情、意”三个有机联系的内容。而对团体表现的政府组织来讲,政府的道德责任可以具体化为如下三点：生态可持续观、生态善治观、生态公正观,其内在逻辑体现为,生态环境作为一种公共物品有自己特定的存在和发展规律,政府在自身运行过程中,要努力遵从这一规律,在当下即是践行可持续发展观。生态善治是为了实现生态公共利益的最大化,政府生态善治的本质就是实现政府的公共性,履行政府对生态的道德责任,因而生态善治理念被确立为政府生态责任治理理念。生态环境的公共利益属性决定了它不属于任何一个特定个体,也不属于任何一个特定的时代,因之,政府有责任和义务来实现生态环境利益的公正分配,生态公正也就自然成为了政府道德责任的价值标尺。生态文明建设中政府道德责任的主体涵盖行政人员和政府组织,因此,要落实和实践生态文明建设中政府道德责任,也必然是从这两个主体出发。道德责任的实现方式有其自身的独特性,自律性与强制性的结合正是道德责任的有效实现方式。生态文明建设中政府道德责任的实现,也是双主体对这这一独特实现方式的履行。对行政人员来讲,一方面要加强行政人员的生态道德教育,另一方面要重视法律建构,强化外在约束；对政府组织而言,生态道德责任的实践路径具体设计即为：重视生态效益,实现发展方式“绿色化”;树立生态善治理念,形成多元互动机制;秉持公正价值,形成权利公平保障机制。
[Abstract]:Moral responsibility is an important category of ethics. The concept of moral responsibility is embodied by responsibility and has distinct hierarchy: on the value level, moral responsibility is expressed as a virtue; on the system level, moral responsibility is embodied as a moral responsibility system; on the behavior level, moral responsibility also indicates the moral behavior of the responsible subject. The analysis of moral responsibility should cover at least five aspects: who is responsible, who is responsible, why is responsible, what is responsible, and how to be responsible. That is, the subject, object, basis, elements and realization path of the moral responsibility of the government in the construction of ecological civilization. Responsibility is based on the analysis of moral responsibility and the inherent agreement between the "public property" of ecological environment and the "public nature" of the government. The object of moral responsibility includes two aspects: human and nature. Correspondingly, the object of government moral responsibility in the construction of ecological civilization refers to visible natural ecology on the one hand, which is a typical "public goods" and follows the operation logic of "public goods"; on the other hand, it refers to the public carried behind. Interest is regarded as the abstract object of the government's moral responsibility in the construction of ecological civilization. The coincidence between ecology and government's responsibility is based on it. In other words, the deep foundation of the government's moral responsibility in the construction of ecological civilization lies in the public interest attribute of the ecological environment and the role of the government's public interest representative. Therefore, in the construction of ecological civilization, starting from the individual moral responsibility, in order to safeguard and realize the public interest, in the government administrators'individual accomplishment, rich ecological environment moral knowledge; ecological moral responsibility attitude; firm ecological moral responsibility will constitute the individual subject accomplishment system of "knowledge, The government's moral responsibility can be embodied in the following three aspects: the concept of ecological sustainability, the concept of ecological good governance, and the concept of ecological justice. The inherent logic of the concept of ecological environment as a public good has its own specific laws of existence and development. In the course of operation, we should try our best to obey this Law and practise the concept of sustainable development at present. The purpose of ecological good governance is to maximize the ecological public interests. The essence of government ecological good governance is to realize the government's publicity and fulfill the government's moral responsibility for ecology. Therefore, the concept of ecological good governance is established as the government's ecological responsibility governance. The public interest attribute of the ecological environment decides that it does not belong to any particular individual, nor to any particular era. Therefore, the government has the responsibility and obligation to realize the fair distribution of the interests of the ecological environment, and the ecological justice has naturally become the value yardstick of the government's moral responsibility. The main body of moral responsibility covers administrative personnel and government organizations. Therefore, the implementation and practice of the government's moral responsibility in the construction of ecological civilization must proceed from the two main bodies. To administrators, on the one hand, we should strengthen the ecological moral education of administrators, on the other hand, we should attach importance to the legal construction and strengthen the external restraint; to government organizations, the practical path of ecological moral responsibility is to attach importance to life. Ecological benefits, realize the "green" development mode, establish the concept of ecological good governance, form a multi-interactive mechanism, uphold the value of justice, form a fair protection mechanism of rights.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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