政府信息公开视域下的国家秘密保护制度研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 21:35

【摘要】：我国正处于由工业社会向信息社会过渡的加速转型期,信息的重要性日趋凸显,政府信息公开是信息时代构建民主政府、法治政府、阳光政府,充分保障公民知情权的必然举措。然而,对于政府信息,在可予公开的信息之外,还存在着许多不应或不宜公开的国家秘密、工作秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私等等。对于这类信息的保护,特别是对国家秘密信息的保护,也是一个国家对外维护国家安全和利益,对内保障公共安全、社会稳定和公众权益的必须做法。可以说,政府信息公开和信息保密,两者缺一不可。目前,我国政府信息公开与保密形势严峻。一方面,政府透明度受到质疑,政府信息公开的广度和深度还不够,一些行政机关拒绝公开或不依法公开政府信息的情况还时有发生;另一方面,国家秘密信息界定不准确,泄密事件频发,保守国家秘密工作面临巨大威胁和挑战。如何正确处理好政府信息公开与信息保密之间的关系,既保障公众知情权,又坚决维护好公共利益,是各级政府亟待解决的重要问题。笔者通过研究近年来专家学者对于政府信息公开与保密关系的相关文献发现,目前,多数学者主要认为:在我国,两者是一对矛盾,两者之间的冲突远大于和谐,保密阻碍了信息公开的发展,强调必须要突破保密的障碍,大力推行政府信息公开。笔者认为,学者们的看法不乏真知灼见,但其实,两者也是互相联系、相互依存的辩证统一体,调和两者之间的矛盾,找到两者之间的平衡点,促进两者和谐发展,才是同时保护好国家利益和公共利益的实际做法和正确途径。而目前国内学者就如何加强和改进政府信息公开工作的研究远多于完善国家秘密保护的研究,本文则将研究重点聚焦于当前我国政府信息公开大环境下国家秘密的保护。笔者在对众多学者的观点、看法进行学习总结的基础上,认真梳理了政府信息公开与信息保密的相关概念,从对我国政府信息公开、国家秘密保护历史情况的研究分析入手,对我国信息公开与保密工作的现状进行综合分析,并据此深入分析了当前我国政府信息公开背景下保密工作中存在的突出问题,将其归纳为:国家秘密的范围过于笼统,保密审查的主体过于宽泛,信息公开前的保密审查流于形式或形同虚设,定密基础工作还很薄弱、定密依据的可操作性不够等四个方面,并对以上问题的形成原因进行了深刻剖析。之后,对相关工作起步较早或比较成熟的美国、英国、瑞典、日本等几个典型国家的信息公开、信息保密发展历程进行研究,并采用纵向历史比较、横向不同国家间比较的方法,对国内外信息公开与保密工作情况进行思考,并由此得出信息公开与保密一直相辅相成、两者与时代特征紧密联系,以及我国具有自己特殊国情、信息公开与保密工作不能照搬国外做法的结论。由此,文中提出了一些解决问题的对策,以期通过充分认识两者的辩证统一性,明确两者界限、平衡两者关系,遵循保放适度、权衡利弊原则做好定密工作,以及"公开未动、保密先行"、让保密为公开做好保障等四个方面工作,从思想上、范围上、定性上、行动上,完善政府信息公开条件下国家秘密保护制度,以更加科学的保密工作为政府信息公开做好服务保障,以维护好国家安全和公共利益,实现政府信息的安全公开、合法公开,进一步更好地推动我国民主政府、法制政府、阳光政府的发展进程。
[Abstract]:Our country is in transition from the industrial society to the information society, the importance of the information becomes more and more obvious, the government information openness is the inevitable measure to construct the democratic government, the rule of law government, the sunshine government and the citizen's right to know in the information age. However, in addition to publicly available information, there are many State secrets, working secrets, trade secrets, personal privacy and so on. Protection of this kind of information, in particular the protection of State secret information, is also a necessary practice for the State to safeguard national security and interests and to safeguard public security, social stability and public interest internally. It can be said that the disclosure of government information and the confidentiality of information are indispensable. At present, the public information disclosure and confidentiality of our country are grim. On the one hand, the government transparency is questioned, the breadth and depth of government information disclosure is not enough, some administrative organs refuse to disclose or do not disclose the government information in accordance with the law, and on the other hand, the state secret information is not accurate, the leakage event is frequent, The secrecy of the country faces enormous threats and challenges. How to correctly handle the relationship between government information openness and information confidentiality is an important issue to be solved urgently by governments at all levels, both to safeguard the public's right to know and to maintain good public interests. The author finds out that in recent years, scholars have found that in China, both are a pair of contradictions, the conflict between them is far greater than that of harmony, and the secrecy hinders the development of information disclosure. Emphasizes the need to break through the barriers of confidentiality and vigorously pursue public information disclosure. In the opinion of the author, there is no lack of insight in the scholars' opinions, but in fact, the two are the dialectical unity of each other and interdependence, the balance between them is found, and the harmonious development of the two is promoted. It is the practical and correct way to protect the interests of the state and the public interests at the same time. At present, the study of how to strengthen and improve the public work of government information is far more than that of perfect national secret protection. On the basis of summarizing the views and views of many scholars, the author carefully combs the relevant concepts of government information openness and information security, and starts with the research and analysis of the state information disclosure and the state secret protection history. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the present situation of China's information disclosure and public security, this paper deeply analyses the outstanding problems existing in the public works under the background of the public information disclosure of our country, and concludes that the scope of state secrets is too general, and the subject of confidentiality review is too broad. The confidential examination before the information disclosure is in the form or form, the foundation work is still weak, the operability of fixed density is not sufficient and so on, and the formation reason of the above problems is analyzed deeply. After that, the information disclosure of several typical countries such as America, Britain, Sweden, Japan, etc. started earlier or more mature in the relevant work, and the history of information confidentiality is studied, and the method of comparison among countries in different countries is adopted in the longitudinal history comparison. It is concluded that the information openness and confidentiality have been mutually reinforcing, the two are closely related to the times of the times, and our country has its own special conditions, and the information openness and the secrecy work can not copy the conclusion of foreign practice. Therefore, some countermeasures to solve the problems are put forward in this paper, with a view to understanding the dialectical unity of the two, defining the relationship between the two lines, balancing the relationship between them, adhering to the principle of keeping fit, balancing the advantages and disadvantages, and taking the "Open not move, keep secret first". To keep the secret as public security and so on, from the ideological, the scope, the qualitative and the action, perfect the state secret protection system under the public condition of the government information, in order to make public good service guarantee for the government information in a more scientific way, In order to safeguard the national security and public interests, realize the security openness and lawful disclosure of government information, and further promote the development process of the democratic government, the rule of law and the sunshine government of our country.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63

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