危机管理的意义建构——基于“甲流”事件的政府话语分析

发布时间：2018-10-17 08:45

【摘要】：危机的紧急性、威胁性和不确定性强调特定状态下的个人感知和社会建构特点。本文探讨了政府在不断变化的危机状态下如何回应公众关于危机的认知需求。面对凸显的危机社会属性,政府作为意义建构者运用具有象征性的政治语言和行为影响公众危机情景认知,争取公众认同与支持。目前,作为政治沟通的危机管理研究在国内学术界还处于起步阶段。本文选取2009—2010年"甲流"事件为研究个案,运用"危机框架"理论分析中国政府危机期间的话语修辞内容,以工作会议和领导活动两种数据类型勾勒出中国政府在应对过程中的策略类型和时间分布。研究显示,中国政府及其领导在承认和强调甲流事件的社会政治影响的同时,外化危机的发生原因并避免谈论问责,也未提出替代目前政策系统的改革方案。全国居民调查显示,中国政府在甲流期间宏观层面的危机管理赢得了公众的理解和支持。本研究有助于从理论上解释政府的危机管理方式,启发政府官员在公共参与意愿不断高涨和媒体化社会逐步形成的双重背景下提升自身应对危机的能力。
[Abstract]:The urgency, threat and uncertainty of the crisis emphasize the characteristics of personal perception and social construction in a particular state. This paper discusses how the government responds to the cognitive needs of the public in a changing state of crisis. In the face of the prominent social attributes of crisis, the government, as a meaning constructor, uses symbolic political language and behavior to influence the public perception of the crisis situation and strive for public recognition and support. At present, the study of crisis management, as a political communication, is still in its infancy in domestic academic circles. In this paper, the author chooses the "A Type A" incident from 2009-2010 as a case study, and analyzes the rhetoric content of the Chinese government's discourse during the crisis by using the "crisis frame" theory. This paper outlines the strategy types and time distribution of the Chinese government in the process of coping with two kinds of data types: working meetings and leadership activities. Research shows that the Chinese government and its leaders, while acknowledging and emphasizing the social and political impact of the H1N1 incident, have not proposed a reform plan to replace the current policy system while recognizing the causes of the externalization crisis and avoiding talking about accountability. China's government has won public understanding and support for macro-level crisis management during H1N1, according to a national survey of residents. This study is helpful to explain the government's crisis management mode theoretically and to inspire government officials to improve their ability to deal with the crisis under the dual background of the rising willingness to participate and the gradual formation of the media society.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院;上海交通大学中国城市治理研究院应急管理研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(71371122;71774098) 国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YEF0122300)
【分类号】：D63

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