城市规模的政治学:为什么特大城市的外来人口控制政策难以奏效

发布时间：2018-10-19 12:14

【摘要】：2014年,中国政府调整城市规模划分标准,城市类型由四类变为五类,增设了超大城市,并加强了对超大城市和特大城市外来人口数量的控制。北京、上海等超大城市开始采取严苛的政策,试图驱离外来人口,主要的措施包括拆除外来人口聚居的城中村或违章建筑、治理群租、提高流动儿童的入学门槛等。然而,这一系列严苛的外来人口管理政策却没有达到预期的效果,原因在于:人口的迁移本质上是一种市场行为,外来人口的就业以非公共部门为主,政府很难限制外来人口的就业;治理群租的信息成本和执法成本高昂,并且损害了本地居民(房东)的利益,难以实施;外来人口进入城市的首要目标不是为了获取优质的公共服务(如教育资源),而是为了相对高的收入和发展机会,提高入学门槛导致一部分儿童返乡,而他们的父母仍然留在城市。
[Abstract]:In 2014, the Chinese government adjusted the criteria for city size division, changing urban types from four to five, adding megacities and strengthening the control of the number of migrants in megacities and megacities. Megacities such as Beijing and Shanghai have begun to adopt tough policies to drive migrants away from the population. The main measures include demolishing villages or illegal buildings inhabited by migrants, controlling group rents, and raising the entrance threshold for migrant children. However, this series of strict foreign population management policies did not achieve the desired results, because population migration is essentially a kind of market behavior, the employment of migrant population is mainly in the non-public sector. It is very difficult for the government to restrict the employment of the foreign population; the information cost and the law enforcement cost of the governance group rent is high, and it is harmful to the interests of the local residents (landlords) and is difficult to implement; The primary objective of entry into cities is not to have access to quality public services (such as educational resources), but to increase access to higher income and development opportunities, leading to the return of some children, And their parents are still in the city.
【作者单位】：复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院;
【基金】：上海市教育科学研究重点项目暨上海市哲学社会科学规划教育学项目“上海流动人口子女义务教育阶段后就学政策研究”(A1223)
【分类号】：D630

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