两型社会建设中的地方政府环境管理研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 19:48

【摘要】：随着中国经济的高速发展,环境污染问题也越来越严重,经济发展与环境保护之间的矛盾也日益尖锐。建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会对我国的政府环境管理提出了新的要求与挑战,要求政府树立正确的政绩观与科学的经济增长观;加强环境法制化建设;改变政府环境管理方式;明确政府职能定位。而地方政府作为环境管理的具体执行者,对环境问题具有不可推卸的责任。由于存在对政府“理性人”假设的误区、地方政府“双重领导”的困境以及GDP政绩考核体系的过分依赖,导致地方政府在环境管理中依然存在管理方法比较陈旧、管理政策时效性不强、执法监督不严等诸多问题。为了应对这些问题,本论文提出了几个方面的一些对策建议。首先是进行管理方式的创新,引入了“参与式治理”的概念,主张非政府环境组织、公众以及企业参与到环境治理的工作中来,提出了地方政府与非政府组织、公众、企业多中心合作治理环境问题,通过明确地方政府的职责与权力,厘清政府的环境管理职能,引入绿色GDP考核指标,缓解地方政府经济发展与环境保护之间的矛盾。然后是环境管理政策的创新,加大投入,扩大环境经济政策的执行力,在政策制定中更加考虑区域的差异性,使政策更具针对性。最后是通过执法创新来改进地方政府环境管理的不足,主要措施有:建立垂直为主的监管体系;促进主要污染物的减排工作;加大对重点区域的环境治理,通过区域经验扩展到整个地区的环境治理;实施企业环境监督员制度。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, and the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection is becoming more and more acute. The construction of resource-conserving and environment-friendly society has put forward new requirements and challenges to our government's environmental management, which requires the government to set up a correct view of political achievement and scientific economic growth, and strengthen the construction of environmental legalization. Change the way of government environmental management; clarify the position of government function. Local government, as the concrete executor of environmental management, has unshirkable responsibility for environmental problems. Due to the misunderstanding of the assumption of "rational man" of the government, the dilemma of "dual leadership" of local government and the over-dependence of GDP performance assessment system, local governments still have outdated management methods in environmental management. Management policy effectiveness is not strong, law enforcement supervision is not strict and many other issues. In order to deal with these problems, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions in several aspects. First of all, the innovation of management mode, the introduction of the concept of "participatory governance", advocating the participation of non-governmental environmental organizations, the public and enterprises in the work of environmental governance, local governments and non-governmental organizations, the public, By clarifying the responsibility and power of the local government, clarifying the environmental management function of the government and introducing the green GDP assessment index, the contradiction between the economic development of the local government and environmental protection can be alleviated. Then it is the innovation of environmental management policy, the increase of investment, the expansion of the executive power of environmental economic policy, and the consideration of regional differences in the policy making, so as to make the policy more targeted. Finally, through law enforcement innovation to improve local government environmental management deficiencies, the main measures are: to establish a vertical regulatory system; to promote major pollutants emission reduction; to increase environmental governance in key areas, Through the regional experience to extend to the entire region of environmental governance, the implementation of the enterprise environmental supervisor system.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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