现代政府理论视阈下的“三公经费”与行政成本优化研究
发布时间：2018-11-24 18:55
【摘要】：行政成本与政府相伴而生,政府维持其基本存在,实现日常运转与发展,发挥其职能,所产生的直接消耗或者间接负担都是行政成本。行政成本的存在是必要的,当下行政成本畸高却也是不争的事实。仅仅关注行政成本畸高是行政成本研究必须突破的认识局限,行政成本不优化则是对行政成本现状的全面认识。行政成本结构不科学,行政成本问责不常态,普通群众对行政成本使用的不满,都应该是行政成本研究所关注的。“三公经费”公开后,更凸显了行政成本的不优化,将行政成本研究推向新高潮。我国政府在诸多场合和文件中都将优化行政成本放到了显著位置。行政成本优化与否,是关系到政府合法性的重要问题,是与全面改革是否有效推进有密切关联的问题,是影响国际形象和国际竞争力的重要内容,必须给予高度重视。现代政府理论是现代行政生态环境对政府发展提出的要求。现代政府理论要求政府是“小而强”的政府,“小”主要指政府的规模、政府的职能范围、政府权力的受限,“强”是强服务,强行动能力的。实现“小而强”的目标,就必然要求将法治、有限、服务和责任理念落到实处。不优化的行政成本与现代政府理念是相违背的,现代政府蕴含着有限、法治、服务和责任理念,在行政成本中都应该得到体现和落实。现代政府理论对行政成本研究的指导意义在于：行政成本的规模应该是有限度的；行政成本的运作应该在法治框架内；行政成本的运用以实现公共服务、提供公共产品为追求；要“负责任”使用行政成本。这既是行政成本优化的先决条件,也是行政成本优化的方向性指引。比较研究、实证研究和规范研究等研究方法的综合运用,为写作提供了丰富的资料和有力的理论指导,尤其是数据的梳理和运用,极大地增强了文章的效度,理论的运用则使文章有坚实的根基。“三公经费”与行政成本优化关系作为研究的逻辑起点,既展示了行政成本不优化的现状,也表明了“三公经费”是行政成本不优化的极其重要的构成因素。“三公经费”的高昂,加重甚至造成了行政成本畸高,导致行政成本结构的不优化,充分暴露了行政成本问责的不常态,成为大众对行政成本不满的愤懑之地。透过现象看本质,两者关系展现了这样一种事实——“三公经费”高昂的原因是行政成本不优化原因的重心。这些原因主要体现在思想观念的桎梏,政府规模的膨胀,权力的不受限制,政府职能的扩张和职能重心的偏移,财政预算制度缺陷以及行政主体的主体因素等方面。基于原因探究,在现代政府理论指导下,提出行政成本优化策略,期望达到“一升一降”的优化目标,即“三公经费”必须降下来,政府职能实现成本升上去,从而达到人民满意。
[Abstract]:The administrative cost is accompanied by the government, the government maintains its basic existence, realizes the daily operation and the development, exerts its function, the direct consumption or the indirect burden is the administrative cost. The existence of administrative cost is necessary, but it is also an indisputable fact that administrative cost is abnormally high. Only paying attention to the abnormally high administrative cost is the cognitive limitation that must be broken through in the study of administrative cost, and the non-optimization of administrative cost is a comprehensive understanding of the present situation of administrative cost. The administrative cost structure is not scientific, the administrative cost accountability is not normal, and the ordinary people's dissatisfaction with the use of the administrative cost should be concerned by the administrative cost research. After the publication of "three public funds", it highlights the non-optimization of administrative cost and pushes the research of administrative cost to a new climax. In many occasions and documents, our government has put the administrative cost of optimization in a prominent position. Whether the administrative cost is optimized or not is an important issue related to the legitimacy of the government, closely related to whether the overall reform is effective or not, and an important content that affects the international image and international competitiveness, which must be paid great attention to. Modern government theory is the requirement of modern administrative ecological environment to government development. The modern government theory requires the government to be a "small and strong" government. "small" mainly refers to the scale of the government, the scope of its functions, the limitation of the government's power, and the "strong" is the strong service and the ability to act. To achieve the goal of "small and strong", it is necessary to implement the concept of rule of law, limited, service and responsibility. The unoptimized administrative cost is contrary to the concept of modern government, which contains limited, rule of law, service and responsibility, which should be reflected and implemented in the administrative cost. The guiding significance of modern government theory to the study of administrative cost lies in: the scale of administrative cost should be limited; the operation of administrative cost should be within the framework of rule of law; the application of administrative cost should be pursued to realize public service and provide public goods. Use administrative costs responsibly. This is not only the precondition of administrative cost optimization, but also the direction of administrative cost optimization. The comprehensive application of comparative research, empirical research and normative research provides abundant materials and powerful theoretical guidance for writing, especially the combing and application of data, which greatly enhances the validity of the article. The application of theory makes the article have a solid foundation. As the logical starting point of the research, the relationship between the "three public funds" and the administrative cost optimization not only shows the present situation of the administrative cost unoptimization, but also shows that the "three public funds" is an extremely important constituent factor of the administrative cost unoptimization. The exorbitance of "three public funds" has aggravated and even resulted in the extremely high administrative cost, which led to the unoptimization of the administrative cost structure, fully exposed the abnormal state of administrative cost accountability, and became the place where the public resented the administrative cost dissatisfaction. Through the phenomenon to see the essence, the relationship between the two shows the fact that the high reason of the "three public funds" is the focus of the reason of the administrative cost not being optimized. These reasons are mainly reflected in the shackles of ideology, the expansion of government scale, the unrestricted power, the expansion of government function and the deviation of function center, the defect of financial budget system and the main factors of administrative subject. Based on the research of reasons, under the guidance of modern government theory, this paper puts forward the optimization strategy of administrative cost, hoping to achieve the optimization goal of "one liter and one decline", that is, "three public funds" must be reduced, and the cost of realizing government functions will rise. In order to achieve the satisfaction of the people.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D035
本文编号：2354667
[Abstract]:The administrative cost is accompanied by the government, the government maintains its basic existence, realizes the daily operation and the development, exerts its function, the direct consumption or the indirect burden is the administrative cost. The existence of administrative cost is necessary, but it is also an indisputable fact that administrative cost is abnormally high. Only paying attention to the abnormally high administrative cost is the cognitive limitation that must be broken through in the study of administrative cost, and the non-optimization of administrative cost is a comprehensive understanding of the present situation of administrative cost. The administrative cost structure is not scientific, the administrative cost accountability is not normal, and the ordinary people's dissatisfaction with the use of the administrative cost should be concerned by the administrative cost research. After the publication of "three public funds", it highlights the non-optimization of administrative cost and pushes the research of administrative cost to a new climax. In many occasions and documents, our government has put the administrative cost of optimization in a prominent position. Whether the administrative cost is optimized or not is an important issue related to the legitimacy of the government, closely related to whether the overall reform is effective or not, and an important content that affects the international image and international competitiveness, which must be paid great attention to. Modern government theory is the requirement of modern administrative ecological environment to government development. The modern government theory requires the government to be a "small and strong" government. "small" mainly refers to the scale of the government, the scope of its functions, the limitation of the government's power, and the "strong" is the strong service and the ability to act. To achieve the goal of "small and strong", it is necessary to implement the concept of rule of law, limited, service and responsibility. The unoptimized administrative cost is contrary to the concept of modern government, which contains limited, rule of law, service and responsibility, which should be reflected and implemented in the administrative cost. The guiding significance of modern government theory to the study of administrative cost lies in: the scale of administrative cost should be limited; the operation of administrative cost should be within the framework of rule of law; the application of administrative cost should be pursued to realize public service and provide public goods. Use administrative costs responsibly. This is not only the precondition of administrative cost optimization, but also the direction of administrative cost optimization. The comprehensive application of comparative research, empirical research and normative research provides abundant materials and powerful theoretical guidance for writing, especially the combing and application of data, which greatly enhances the validity of the article. The application of theory makes the article have a solid foundation. As the logical starting point of the research, the relationship between the "three public funds" and the administrative cost optimization not only shows the present situation of the administrative cost unoptimization, but also shows that the "three public funds" is an extremely important constituent factor of the administrative cost unoptimization. The exorbitance of "three public funds" has aggravated and even resulted in the extremely high administrative cost, which led to the unoptimization of the administrative cost structure, fully exposed the abnormal state of administrative cost accountability, and became the place where the public resented the administrative cost dissatisfaction. Through the phenomenon to see the essence, the relationship between the two shows the fact that the high reason of the "three public funds" is the focus of the reason of the administrative cost not being optimized. These reasons are mainly reflected in the shackles of ideology, the expansion of government scale, the unrestricted power, the expansion of government function and the deviation of function center, the defect of financial budget system and the main factors of administrative subject. Based on the research of reasons, under the guidance of modern government theory, this paper puts forward the optimization strategy of administrative cost, hoping to achieve the optimization goal of "one liter and one decline", that is, "three public funds" must be reduced, and the cost of realizing government functions will rise. In order to achieve the satisfaction of the people.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D035
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