海洋灾害应急管理机制研究

发布时间：2018-12-23 12:29

【摘要】：我国是海洋灾害频发的国家,根据历年《中国海洋灾害公报》显示,海洋灾害直接造成的经济损失与死亡(含失踪)人数居高不下,海洋灾害对沿海地区经济发展和社会稳定造成很大影响。频发的海洋灾害对我国海洋灾害应急管理机制提出了更高的要求,但目前,从历年海洋灾害对我国造成损失看,我国海洋灾害应急管理机制并没有发生实质性的完善,仍存在需要继续加强建设的地方。完善的海洋灾害应急管理机制是提高我国对海洋防灾、减灾能力的核心工作,因此,加强对我国海洋灾害应急管理机制的研究,有着重要的理论和现实意义。本文结合公共突发事件、应急管理、危机管理和风险管理的等相关理论,在描述了我国所遭受的海洋灾害、我国海洋灾害的分布情况的基础上,分析了我国海洋灾害应急管理机制的现状、存在的问题以及存在问题的原因,并通过对美日两国应急管理机制的介绍,深入剖析了我国与发达国家在海洋灾害应急管理机制方面的差距,总结了完善我国海洋灾害应急管理机制的经验。提出从建构完善的突发事件应急法律体系、政府信息公开制度、海洋灾害应急管理体制、海洋灾害应急管理预案体系,同时保障对海洋灾害应急管理资源的供应,扩大海洋减灾国际合作等方面弥补我国海洋灾害应急管理机制存在的问题,并结合实际,针对问题找对策,在机制建设方面提升我国应对海洋灾害的防范和处理能力,以期通过管理机制的构建和研究能够对改善我国海洋灾害提供一点点帮助。
[Abstract]:China is a country with frequent marine disasters. According to the China Marine disaster Bulletin over the years, the number of economic losses and deaths (including missing persons) directly caused by marine disasters remains high. Marine disasters have a great impact on the economic development and social stability of coastal areas. The frequent marine disasters put forward higher requirements for the emergency management mechanism of marine disasters in China, but at present, from the loss caused by marine disasters in China, the emergency management mechanism of marine disasters in China has not been substantially improved. There are still areas where construction needs to continue to be strengthened. The perfect marine disaster emergency management mechanism is the core work to improve our country's ability of marine disaster prevention and mitigation. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to strengthen the research on the marine disaster emergency management mechanism in China. Based on the relevant theories of public emergencies, emergency management, crisis management and risk management, this paper describes the marine disasters in China and the distribution of marine disasters in China. This paper analyzes the present situation, existing problems and causes of the emergency management mechanism of marine disasters in China, and introduces the emergency management mechanisms of the United States and Japan. This paper analyzes the gap between China and developed countries in marine disaster emergency management mechanism, and summarizes the experience of perfecting the marine disaster emergency management mechanism in China. In this paper, the author puts forward the following aspects: constructing a sound legal system for emergency response to emergencies, opening government information system, emergency management system for marine disasters, and planning system for emergency management of marine disasters, and ensuring the supply of resources for emergency management of marine disasters at the same time. Expanding international cooperation in marine disaster reduction and other aspects to make up for the problems existing in China's marine disaster emergency management mechanism, and combining with the actual situation, to find solutions to the problems, and to enhance China's ability to prevent and deal with marine disasters in the construction of the mechanism. It is hoped that the construction and research of management mechanism can provide a little help for the improvement of marine disasters in China.
【学位授予单位】：广东海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D63

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