公共政策过程理论视阈下中国异地高考问题研究

发布时间：2019-05-27 02:59

【摘要】：异地高考问题是我国近年来高等教育领域出现的热点问题,同时也是需要中央与地方政府部门采取必要措施予以妥善解决的难题。异地高考问题能否得到有效解决不仅影响到全国各地随迁子女未来的前途与命运,还直接关系到教育领域的公平公正性能否得到切实保障。随着大量随迁子女要求在流入地参加高考的呼声日益高涨,异地高考问题逐渐获得政府决策者和社会各界人士的高度关注,迫使异地高考改革问题亟需提上政府议事日程,也推动了具体改革方案的尽快出台。然而,异地高考改革在实施过程中面临很多困境,也遭遇很大阻力,如固有体制性因素的制约、没有切实可行的解决问题的对策办法、随迁子女与当地考生之间的利益冲突等,这些问题都严重阻碍了异地高考的改革进程,也决定了最终改革效果并不理想的结果。公共政策过程概念是在拉斯韦尔创立的政策科学范式下引申出来的,最初以政策过程阶段论作为其主导思想。随着阶段性理论影响范围的不断扩大,公共政策过程理论也开始逐渐朝着深化与创新的方向发展。约翰·金登的多源流理论框架是旨在研究政府前决策过程的经典理论之一,政策网络理论以追求民主、平等、参与、互动为目标,强调对政策过程的空间结构及其内部行动者进行分析的前沿理论。前者抛开政策过程阶段论的整体性思维,单独从其中的某一个阶段入手,并对其进行深入研究；后者主要弥补了阶段性理论的不足,注重政策过程的政治分析,为政策科学学科的发展做出了卓越贡献。此外,研究表明,多源流理论与政策网络理论相结合是具有理论必然性和理论可能性的。本文正是基于公共政策过程理论的视角,尝试应用多源流理论与政策网络理论相结合的方法对我国异地高考问题进行研究。首先简要介绍中国异地高考问题,并对该问题的相关文献进行综述,以及分别对多源流理论和政策网络理论的国内外相关文献进行梳理和综述。然后,详细介绍这两个理论的主要内容,还对两个理论相结合的必要性与可能性进行重点分析。紧接着,在分析了应用多源流理论研究该问题的适用性的基础上,具体研究异地高考问题如何获得政府官员注意而被提上政府议程的,都有哪些备选方案漂浮在政策原汤中,它们又是历经怎样的沉浮,为何具体政策方案迟迟无法出台,中央政府因何将政策制定权下放各地,各地政府出台的具体政策为何大相径庭,以及为何说异地高考改革以失败告终。为了补充多源流理论没有研究到位的内容,继续采用与其具有外在联系性与内在逻辑性的政策网络理论对该问题进行更为深入的分析,具体围绕问题所在的政策环境将问题涉及的各类网络行动者进行归类,逐一分析他们的网络资源占有情况及其互动关系,从而得到各类行动者在异地高考改革中的身份地位、话语权和影响力与改革结果之间形成了怎样一种因果关系。最后通过上述两种理论的研究结论,有针对性地提出推进中国异地高考问题解决的政策建议,从深化改革固有体制性因素、尽量满足政策方案得以幸存的标准判定、处理好央地之间的权责关系、大众传媒需要发挥的作用以及正确引导网络行动者之间的互动关系等方面对今后有效解决异地高考问题提出思路建议。
[Abstract]:The problem of off-site college entrance examination is a hot issue in the field of higher education in recent years, and it also needs the central and local government departments to take the necessary measures to solve the problems. Whether the college entrance examination problem can be solved effectively affects not only the future and fate of the children in the whole country, but also whether the fairness and justice in the field of education can be effectively guaranteed. With the increasing demands of the large number of children to take part in the college entrance examination, the problem of the college entrance examination in different places has gradually gained the high attention of the government policy makers and the people from all walks of life, forcing the reform of the college entrance examination in different places to be put on the agenda of the government. It also promoted the adoption of the specific reform programme as soon as possible. However, in the course of implementation, the reform of the college entrance examination is faced with many difficulties, and it also encounters great resistance, such as the restriction of the inherent institutional factors, the measures to solve the problem, the conflict of interest between the children and the local candidates, etc., These problems seriously hinder the process of the reform of the college entrance examination in the off-site, and also decide the result of the final reform. The concept of the process of public policy is introduced under the policy science paradigm, which is founded in Las Verwell. With the expansion of the influence of the theory of the periodic theory, the theory of the process of public policy is gradually moving towards the direction of deepening and innovation. The multi-source theory framework of John Jinden is one of the classical theories to study the decision-making process of the government, and the policy network theory aims to pursue the goal of democracy, equality, participation and interaction, and emphasizes the frontier of the analysis of the spatial structure of the policy process and its internal actors. On the other hand, the former puts aside the whole thinking of the stage theory of policy process, and starts from one stage of it and studies it. The latter mainly makes up the deficiency of the stage theory, pays attention to the political analysis of the policy process, and has made outstanding tribute to the development of the science of policy science. In addition, the research shows that the combination of the theory of multi-source and the theory of policy network is the theoretical necessity and the theoretical possibility. This paper is based on the theory of the process of public policy, and tries to apply the combination of the theory of multi-source and the theory of policy network to the problem of the college entrance examination in the country. First of all, the paper gives a brief introduction to the problems of the national college entrance examination in China, and reviews the relevant literature of the problem. And the necessity and possibility of the combination of the two theories are also described in detail. Then, on the basis of the analysis of the applicability of the multi-source-source theory to the problem, how to get the attention of the government officials and how to get the government's agenda, and what options are floating in the policy-original soup, how are they going through What's the difference between the central government's policy-making power and the specific policies introduced by the local government and why the reform of the national college entrance examination is lost In order to supplement the content of the theory of multi-source and source, it will continue to use the policy network theory with its external contact and internal logic to make a more thorough analysis of the problem, in particular to the various network actors involved in the policy environment of the problem. In this paper, the status of the status, the voice and the influence of the various actors in the reform of the college entrance examination and the results of the reform are analyzed by line classification, and the relationship between the status, the voice and the influence of the different actors in the reform of the college entrance examination is obtained. Finally, through the research conclusions of the above two theories, it is pointed out that the policy suggestion to advance the problem of the national college entrance examination in China is put forward, from the inherent institutional factors of the reform, the standard decision of the survival of the policy plan can be satisfied, and the right to deal with the central land is dealt with. The relationship between the responsibility, the role of the mass media and the correct guidance of the interactive relationship among the network actors in the future can be put forward for the effective solution of the problem of the college entrance examination in the future
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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