我国自然灾害应急中的志愿者管理机制完善研究
发布时间：2019-06-15 08:21
【摘要】：近年来,我国自然灾害频发,严重损害人民群众的生命和财产安全,灾害的应急处理能力倘若不当,甚至可能影响社会稳定。面对灾害带来的破坏冲击,政府要做好中流砥柱,无论是事前预警,事中救援还是事后减灾上都要发挥应急管理应对能力,保护人民生命、守护人民的家园。但随着自然灾害破坏范围和复杂程度的增加,单靠政府应急管理机制不能完全应对危机处理,由此把志愿者力量融入到政府自然灾害应急管理中势在必行,但目前应急管理中的社会动员体系相对薄弱,志愿者参与自然灾害救援仍呈现个体分散的情况,志愿者管理也存在混乱、无序。这成为政府完善应急管理体系的新难题。能否合理完善志愿者管理,强化志愿行为,不但是管理学术界关注钻研的焦点,也是解决现实问题的需要。为应对我国自然灾害日益严峻的形势和挑战,完善我国自然灾害应急社会动员机制,建设有针对性的专业志愿者队伍已成为我国自然灾害应急管理的战略任务。导致我国自然灾害应急中志愿者管理存在问题的根源就是志愿者管理机制的不健全:志愿者组织的运行机制存在弊端,同政府间的协同机制不健全,内部的管理机制不完善,应急管理法律和制度建设不足等;在此分析的基础上,本文按照志愿者日常管理、救援中的协同行动,以及事后的恢复重建为脉络,提出:建立志愿者信息库、实现志愿者分类管理,统一完善志愿者行动网络并加强日常培训,在行动中达到精准调度,在事后重建中做到持续维护等具体的设计路径。总之,随着国家应急管理体系的不断完善,公民参与意识的良性发展,志愿者在应对自然灾害救援中必定更加理性,处理危机时更加成熟,志愿者达到召之即来,来则能战的状态,在这个成长的过程中,政府应积极的引导和推动。
[Abstract]:In recent years, natural disasters occur frequently in our country, which seriously damage the safety of people's lives and property. If the emergency response capacity of disasters is not appropriate, it may even affect social stability. In the face of the destructive impact caused by disasters, the government should do a good job of the mainstay, whether in advance early warning, rescue or disaster reduction after the event should give full play to the emergency management response ability, protect people's lives and protect the people's homes. However, with the increase of the scope and complexity of natural disasters, the government emergency management mechanism alone can not fully deal with the crisis, so it is imperative to integrate volunteer forces into the government natural disaster emergency management. However, the social mobilization system in emergency management is relatively weak, volunteers' participation in natural disaster rescue is still scattered, and volunteer management is also chaotic and disorderly. This has become a new problem for the government to improve the emergency management system. Whether the volunteer management can be reasonably improved and the voluntary behavior strengthened is not only the focus of the management academic circles, but also the need to solve the practical problems. In order to meet the increasingly severe situation and challenges of natural disasters in China, it has become the strategic task of natural disaster emergency management in China to perfect the social mobilization mechanism of natural disasters emergency and build a targeted team of professional volunteers. The root of the problems in volunteer management in natural disaster emergency response in China is the imperfect volunteer management mechanism: the operating mechanism of volunteer organizations is not perfect, the coordination mechanism with the government is not perfect, the internal management mechanism is not perfect, the emergency management law and system construction is insufficient, and so on. On the basis of this analysis, according to the daily management of volunteers, the cooperative action in rescue, and the restoration and reconstruction after the event, this paper puts forward some specific design paths, such as establishing volunteer information base, realizing volunteer classified management, unifying and perfecting volunteer action network and strengthening daily training, achieving accurate scheduling in action and continuous maintenance in ex post facto reconstruction. In a word, with the continuous improvement of the national emergency management system and the benign development of citizen participation consciousness, volunteers must be more rational in dealing with natural disasters and more mature in dealing with the crisis. Volunteers should be able to fight when they are called in. In the process of growing up, the government should actively guide and promote.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.9;D632.5
本文编号：2500087
[Abstract]:In recent years, natural disasters occur frequently in our country, which seriously damage the safety of people's lives and property. If the emergency response capacity of disasters is not appropriate, it may even affect social stability. In the face of the destructive impact caused by disasters, the government should do a good job of the mainstay, whether in advance early warning, rescue or disaster reduction after the event should give full play to the emergency management response ability, protect people's lives and protect the people's homes. However, with the increase of the scope and complexity of natural disasters, the government emergency management mechanism alone can not fully deal with the crisis, so it is imperative to integrate volunteer forces into the government natural disaster emergency management. However, the social mobilization system in emergency management is relatively weak, volunteers' participation in natural disaster rescue is still scattered, and volunteer management is also chaotic and disorderly. This has become a new problem for the government to improve the emergency management system. Whether the volunteer management can be reasonably improved and the voluntary behavior strengthened is not only the focus of the management academic circles, but also the need to solve the practical problems. In order to meet the increasingly severe situation and challenges of natural disasters in China, it has become the strategic task of natural disaster emergency management in China to perfect the social mobilization mechanism of natural disasters emergency and build a targeted team of professional volunteers. The root of the problems in volunteer management in natural disaster emergency response in China is the imperfect volunteer management mechanism: the operating mechanism of volunteer organizations is not perfect, the coordination mechanism with the government is not perfect, the internal management mechanism is not perfect, the emergency management law and system construction is insufficient, and so on. On the basis of this analysis, according to the daily management of volunteers, the cooperative action in rescue, and the restoration and reconstruction after the event, this paper puts forward some specific design paths, such as establishing volunteer information base, realizing volunteer classified management, unifying and perfecting volunteer action network and strengthening daily training, achieving accurate scheduling in action and continuous maintenance in ex post facto reconstruction. In a word, with the continuous improvement of the national emergency management system and the benign development of citizen participation consciousness, volunteers must be more rational in dealing with natural disasters and more mature in dealing with the crisis. Volunteers should be able to fight when they are called in. In the process of growing up, the government should actively guide and promote.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.9;D632.5
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