国家治理视域中的制度架构研究

发布时间：2019-06-21 20:52

【摘要】：当前，一个国家的治理方针、理念、方式、方法，通过治理所取得的成果，都与制度的架构息息相关。理论界普遍认为，制度对权力的限制与对权利的保护，是提高国家治理水平的可靠保障，也是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求，并且对国家治理下的制度改革与创新起到了积极的推动作用。因此，许多专家、学者，都对国家治理视域下的制度架构问题开展立体式分析和结构性研究，以寻求理论突破进而对国家治理水平的提高和制度的合理安排提供可靠的理论指导。当前，许多国家特别是广大发展中国家在经历了一段高速发展期之后，急需完善制度架构体系以求提高国家治理水平。这也客观的解释了制度的合理化、科学化架构对国家治理水平提高与创新有着重要的意义。因此，相关理论研究者，要敏锐地把握该领域的发展脉络、研究方向，在原有理论的基础上有创新、有所突破、有所作为。本文共分为五个部分,分别为:制度与人的相关原理、制度功能的社会效应、制度架构的微观基础、制度变迁的路径走向、制度设计的战略要求。全文从研究理论平台的构建到开展对国家治理视域下的制度架构研究，力求从微观到宏观、从局部到整体、从单一到立体的研究和把握该问题并得出相应的理论成果。第一部分，制度与人的相关原理。人类社会发展与变迁的过程中,人与制度始终相伴相行，历史经验表明，没有制度的发展与完善就没有人类的繁荣与进步。该部分从人的偏好入手，进而对人的属性（“政治人”、“经济人”）、群体特征等进行论述，构建起本文的基本研究框架,为下文提供理论演绎的逻辑起点。第二部分，制度功能的社会效应。该部分从制度实现的基本功能、价值效应及基本要素等问题进行研究和论述。首先是从实现功能的角度对制度进行剖析,其次是研究制度的价值核心,既制度公平与正义，，最后落脚于制度的价值效应,得出制度功能发挥的越充分，制度的价值效应就越明显的结论。第三部分，制度架构的微观基础。该部分从制度架构的物质前提、制度架构中的利益要素、微观基础利益运作机制等三方面内容。该部分从人的生存需求作为人获取利益的起点和基本动机。点明制度架构形成的必要前提是利益分配，并给出了所包含的具体内容如：利益结构关系、利益主体等内容最终构建出利益运作的相关机制。第四部分，制度变迁的路径走向。制度的产生与发展始终处于一个动态平衡的状态中，制度在此状态下的不断调适成为必然。本章节主要对制度变迁的原因、过程及影响，分别进行研究，力求把制度变迁的整个过程动态化的表现出来，使其结构化、立体化。第五部分，制度设计的战略要求。制度问题研究，最终还是要为国家治理体系的发展、创新，提供支持。本章节从理论上对前问部分进行必要的总结和升华，进而联系到当今中国社会的制度发展，理论与现实相结合，为现实提供一定的理论参考依据。
[Abstract]:At present, the governance principles, ideas, ways and methods of a country are closely related to the structure of the system through the results achieved through the governance. It is widely believed that the limitation of the system and the protection of the rights is a reliable guarantee for the improvement of the level of the national governance, and it is an inevitable requirement for the modernization of the national governance system and the governance ability, and has played an active role in the reform and innovation of the system under the national governance. Therefore, many experts and scholars have three-dimensional analysis and structural research on the institutional framework of the national governance, so as to seek the theoretical breakthrough and provide a reliable theoretical guidance for the improvement of the national governance level and the rational arrangement of the system. At present, after a period of high-speed development, many countries, especially the vast majority of developing countries, need to improve the institutional framework system to improve the level of national governance. This also objectively explains the rationalization of the system, and the scientific structure is of great significance to the improvement and innovation of the level of national governance. Therefore, the relevant theoretical researchers should be sensitive to the development of the field, the research direction, the innovation on the basis of the original theory, and make a difference. This paper is divided into five parts: the system and the people's related principle, the social effect of the system function, the micro-foundation of the system structure, the path of the system change and the strategy of the system design. The paper, from the construction of the research theory platform to the research of the system structure under the view of the national governance, tries to study and grasp the problem from the micro to the macro, from the local to the whole, from the single to the three-dimensional, and to get the corresponding theory. The first part, the system and the person's phase In the process of the development and change of human society, the people and the system always go along with each other, and the historical experience shows that there is no human prosperity without the development and perfection of the system This part starts with the people's preference, and then discusses the human's attributes ("political person", "economic man"), group characteristics and so on, and builds the basic research framework of this paper and provides the theoretical deduction for the following. The second part, the system function The social effect of this part from the basic function, the value effect and the basic elements of the system realization. The first part is to analyze the system from the angle of the realization of the function, and the second is the value core of the research system, not only the system fairness and the justice, but also the value effect of the system, and the more sufficient the system function, the more the value effect of the system A clear conclusion. The third part, the system The micro-foundation of the structure. The part is from the material premise of the system structure, the benefit element in the system structure, the micro-base benefit operation machine, The part of a person's survival needs as a person's gain. The necessary premise of the formation of the point-to-point system is the distribution of interests, and the content of the content such as the relationship of interest structure and the main body of interest is finally built. The relevant mechanisms of the operation. Part IV, The path of the system changes. The emergence and development of the system is always in a dynamic equilibrium state, and the system is in this state This chapter mainly studies the cause, process and influence of institutional change, and tries to make the whole process of the system change dynamically. To make it structured, stereoscopically. The strategic requirements of the system design, the research of the system, and finally the national governance system In this chapter, it is necessary to sum up and sublimate the former question, and then contact the system development, theory and reality of the Chinese society.
【学位授予单位】：中共吉林省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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