魏晋志怪小说女性观研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 05:28

本文选题：魏晋　切入点：志怪小说　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在中国封建社会,女性观往往是男性思想体系的重要组成部分。在一定程度上,透过女性观可以获知男权本位社会中女性的真实处境。因志怪小说具有边缘性、民间性、真实性等特点,故本文以魏晋时期的志怪小说为研究对象。力图透过其中女性形象的塑造来反观魏晋社会中通行的女性观,从而了解魏晋时期女性的真实生存状态。文章主体分为四章:第一章从“女性自身修养”的角度切入,首先对女性“四德”之说进行界定,并对魏晋之前“四德”观的内涵衍变做一梳理。然后立足于志怪小说文本,分析魏晋志怪小说之“四德”观念及其转变。通过对比分析可知,魏晋“四德”观在继承前代以“成妇顺”为核心的“四德”观的基础之上,又有所转变——朝着“对女性自身修养的束缚相对宽松”的方向发展。其实质虽仍然没有挣脱“以服务于男性和家庭为旨归”的枷锁,但较之前代有所进步。第二章主要从“家庭、婚姻及两性关系”的视角窥探魏晋女性的真实处境。具体从“女性担任的不同家庭角色”、“婚恋观”和“为妻之道”三个方面做一分析。从中可知,魏晋时期,女性在家庭、婚姻及两性关系中仍然处于从属地位,毕其一生仍要坚守“三从”之义。“母亲”虽有着“与父同尊”的地位,其本质却仍旧是彰显男权。“男尊女卑”的观念在这一时期并未被打破,但也出现了一些闪烁着早期女性主义光辉的女性形象,如主动追求所爱的女子,妒妇等。第三章从“女性与社会”的角度切入,具体从“女性担任的不同社会角色”、“女性与政治”、“女性与宗教”三个层面进行分析。可知,一方面,步入社会的魏晋女性地位仍然卑贱,且经常被物化,没有人身自由可言,在政治生活中也常常遭到歧视;然而另一方面,其所担任的社会角色涉及范围却越发广泛,参与宗教活动较为频繁,参政意识也并未被完全泯灭。第四章立足前三章多角度的分析,归纳总结出魏晋志怪小说女性观的特点:肯定率真放诞之性情;包容自由开放之妇风;赞其才德,哀其遭际。并且从社会、历史、文化、思想等角度对其背后的原因作了深入的剖析。笔者认为,在魏晋政权不稳,民生凋敝的大背景下,“‘儒学’独尊地位之动摇”,“玄风之盛行”、“佛、道二教之兴盛”以及“胡风之弥漫”等众多因素都是形成这种独特女性观的原因。此外,亦不可排除传统女教与其社会影响之间存在一定的“时间差”。通过文章主体部分多角度的分析和总结,希望能够更加立体地了解魏晋时期女性的真实生存状况,从而帮助当代女性更加客观、理性地审视自我。
[Abstract]:In the feudal society of China, the female view is often an important part of the male ideological system. To a certain extent, the true situation of the female in the patriarchal society can be obtained through the female view. Therefore, this paper takes the novels of the Wei and Jin dynasties as the research object and tries to reverse the popular view of women in the Wei and Jin dynasties through the portrayal of the female images. The main body of the article is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is from the angle of "self-cultivation of women", first of all, the author defines the theory of "four virtues" of women. Then, based on the novel texts, this paper analyzes the concept of "four virtues" in the novels of Wei and Jin dynasties and its transformation. The view of "four virtues" in Wei and Jin dynasties is based on the view of "four virtues" which is the core of "women's shun" in the previous generation. There is also a change-towards the direction of "relatively loose constraints on women's self-cultivation." its essence has not broken free of the shackles of "serving men and families." But it's a little bit better than before. Chapter two starts with "Family," From the point of view of marriage and gender relations, we can see the real situation of women in Wei and Jin dynasties. We can make an analysis from three aspects: "different family roles of women", "views on marriage and love" and "the way to be wives". It can be concluded that during the Wei and Jin dynasties, women were in the family. Marriage and sexual relations are still in a subordinate position, and throughout his life he has to adhere to the meaning of "three conformities." although "Mother" has the status of "having the same respect as his father," But its essence is still to show male power. The concept of "male superiority" has not been broken in this period, but there are some shining female images of early feminism, such as taking the initiative to pursue the women they love. The third chapter analyzes the different social roles of women, women and politics, and women and religion from the angle of "women and society". The status of women in the Wei and Jin dynasties is still low and often materialized, and they have no personal freedom to speak of, and are often discriminated against in political life. On the other hand, their social roles are more and more extensive. The fourth chapter, based on the analysis of the first three chapters, summarizes the characteristics of the female view of Wei-Jin Zhi strange novel: affirmation of the nature of truth and birth, tolerance of the free and open style of women, and so on, the fourth chapter, based on the analysis of the first three chapters, summarizes the characteristics of the female view of the Wei-Jin Dynasty. Praise its ability of virtue, mourn its suffering. And from the social, historical, cultural, ideological and other angles to make a deep analysis of the reasons behind it. The author believes that in the Wei and Jin dynasties regime instability, Against the backdrop of the desolation of people's livelihood, many factors, such as "the vacillation of the exclusive status of Confucianism", "the prevalence of the metaphysics", "the prosperity of Buddhism and Taoism" and "the pervasiveness of Hu Feng", all contribute to the formation of this unique view of women. It is also impossible to rule out the existence of a certain "time difference" between the traditional female religion and its social impact. Through the analysis and summary of the main part of the article from various angles, we hope to have a better understanding of the real living conditions of women in the Wei and Jin dynasties. In order to help contemporary women more objective, rational self-examination.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.41

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