宋词中“愁”隐喻的认知解读

发布时间：2018-03-31 02:34

本文选题：宋词　切入点：“愁”　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：传统隐喻研究认为隐喻只是一种语言现象和修辞手段。而现代认知语言学的研究证明隐喻本质上是认知的,是人类用来了解周围世界的概念工具。近年来,隐喻研究的一大新特点是人们在现代隐喻理论的指导下,不断地从民族语言素材中寻找能够支持隐喻思维普遍性的事实依据,不断增进人们对隐喻思维本质的认识。情感作为人类最普遍最重要的人生体验之一。并且在某种程度上说,情感和认知是相互影响、相互作用的,对人类情感的研究也构成了探索人类认知的重要方面。为了使抽象而复杂的情感形象地被感知,人们通常把它们隐喻化。“愁”是中国古典诗词中常见的情感表达,它具有非常丰富的内涵和表现。文人们常常用隐喻化的语言将抽象的概念表达出来。尤其是在宋词中,随处可见“愁”字和隐喻“愁”的词句。为了探究“愁”这种情感概念,本文以认知语言学的概念隐喻理论为指导,在封闭的语料库“中华诗词2014”中,搜索全部含有“愁”字的宋词诗句,并对其进行概念化分析,发现数目众多的描写“愁”的诗句实际上可以归纳为为数不多的隐喻概念,并详细阐述了其中五类主要隐喻:实体隐喻,意象隐喻,拟人,通感隐喻和反转隐喻。同时,宋词中“愁”隐喻的内涵,工作机制,语义结构和语义特征也在本论文中得以阐释。本研究得出如下四个基本结论:第一,在宋词中,除了常用的实体隐喻之外,词人还喜欢运用意象隐喻、拟人以及通感隐喻和反转隐喻来描述抽象情感概念“愁”。第二,尽管方位隐喻在当代中国文学中被广泛使用,但宋词中描写“愁”的诗词中并没有发现方位隐喻。第三,宋词中的“愁”隐喻主要有三种语义结构,即喻体、本体和喻底同现,本体和喻体同现,本体和喻底同现。第四,宋词中的“愁”隐喻具有系统性、局部性、矛盾性、多样性和临时性五种隐喻语义特征。本论文是用现代西方隐喻理论审视中国传统文化的一次尝试。宋词的意义和价值不仅是审美的,也是历史的,它忠实地展现了那个时代的社会文化。从认知语言学的角度考察宋词中描写“愁”的诗句背后的隐喻概念和隐喻思维特点,这对人们更好地理解和欣赏宋词乃至传统中国文学作品,无疑大有裨益。
[Abstract]:Traditional metaphor studies consider metaphor as a linguistic phenomenon and a rhetorical device.Modern cognitive linguistics has proved that metaphor is essentially cognitive and a conceptual tool used by humans to understand the world around them.In recent years, a new characteristic of metaphor research is that people, under the guidance of modern metaphor theory, constantly seek from the national language materials to support the universality of metaphorical thinking, and constantly enhance people's understanding of the essence of metaphorical thinking.Emotion is one of the most common and important human life experiences.To a certain extent, emotion and cognition affect and interact with each other, and the study of human emotion also constitutes an important aspect of exploring human cognition.In order to visualize abstract and complex emotions, they are usually metaphorized.Worry is a common expression of emotion in Chinese classical poetry, which has rich connotation and expression.Literati often express abstract concepts in metaphorical language.Especially in Song ci, the word "sorrow" and the metaphor of "sorrow" can be found everywhere.In order to explore the emotional concept of "sorrow", this paper, guided by the conceptual metaphor theory of cognitive linguistics, searches and conceptualizes all the poems of Song Dynasty which contain the word "sorrow" in the closed corpus "Chinese Poetry 2014".It is found that a large number of poems describing "sorrow" can actually be summed up into a few metaphorical concepts, and five main metaphors are elaborated in detail: substantive metaphor, imagery metaphor, personification, synaesthesia metaphor and reverse metaphor.At the same time, the connotation, working mechanism, semantic structure and semantic features of "worry" metaphor in Song ci are also explained in this paper.The main conclusions of this study are as follows: first, in Song ci, in addition to the commonly used substantive metaphors, ci writers also like to use imagery metaphor, personification, synaesthesia metaphor and reverse metaphor to describe the abstract emotional concept "sorrow".Secondly, although locative metaphor is widely used in contemporary Chinese literature, no locative metaphor has been found in the poems describing "sorrow" in Song ci.Thirdly, the metaphor of "sorrow" in Song ci mainly has three kinds of semantic structure, namely, the metaphor, the Noumenon and the metonymy, the Noumenon and the metonymy, and the Noumenon and the metaphorical background.Fourthly, the metaphor of "sorrow" in Song ci has five semantic features: systematic, local, contradictory, diverse and temporary.This thesis is an attempt to examine Chinese traditional culture with modern western metaphor theory.The meaning and value of Song ci is not only aesthetic, but also historical.From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, it is of great benefit for people to better understand and appreciate Song ci and even traditional Chinese literary works by examining the metaphorical concepts and metaphorical thinking characteristics behind the poems describing "sorrow" in Song ci poems.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.23

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