《西游记》中的道教思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 16:16

本文选题：《西游记》 + 道教　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《西游记》作为中国四大名著之一,之所以闻名中外,受到广大读者的欢迎,不仅在于其瑰丽浪漫的故事情节,还在于其中蕴含的深刻的儒释道思想。在《西游记》流传的四百多年间,不少文人学者们都对其做了大量的点评和研究。其中关于《西游记》与道教关系的论文也有很多。《西游记》作为一部小说,寄托了作者的理想和抱负,其中蕴含的道教思想是要为作者想要表达的主旨服务的,因此必然与正统道教思想有些差异。本论文对《西游记》中的道教思想研究主要包括如下几个方面:第一,作者的最高社会理想与道教社会理想的同异,即对花果山的美好生活进行分析,并与道教的社会理想做比较;第二,作者理想的转变,即分析花果山理想破灭的原因,阐释西天取经的内涵。在封建统治之下,是不允许自由社会形态的存在的,所以花果山的理想注定不能实现,作者只能转而追寻其它的道路,但是作者受时代的局限,逃脱不了封建主义的桎梏,因此只能在封建主义之内,通过道教对佛教的借鉴与融合来寻求一条适合社会改革的新道路,即西天取经,但最后证明这条道路也是行不通的;第三,西天取经路上的磨难。首先分析了孙悟空自由观念的转变,孙悟空在西天取经的道路上逐渐改变了对自由的看法,接受了人间社会的仁义礼法,追寻到了另一种自由。然后是比较书中神仙妖魔与正统道教的同异,道教的神仙与妖魔即是善与恶的象征,但在《西游记》中这一点却不是一定的。最后阐述了西天取经的修道过程,西天取经即是行善济世的大功业,也是修心养性的问道之旅;第四,《西游记》中的修炼思想,即内丹修炼以及取经队伍与神仙妖魔所体现出的阴阳五行思想。孙悟空、猪八戒、沙和尚等人修炼的都是内丹功法,书中很多诗词术语都反映了内丹思想。取经队伍是暗合阴阳五行的,书中不止一次用金公、木母、黄婆等道教术语代指孙悟空、猪八戒、沙僧,但对唐僧和白龙马的属性却没有明确说明,可见书中的道教思想并不严谨。神仙与妖魔也都对应着五行阴阳属性,各自具有不同的功能。
[Abstract]:As one of the four famous works in China, Journey to the West is popular among readers not only in its magnificent and romantic storylines, but also in its profound Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In the more than 400 years of travels to the West, many scholars have made a lot of comments and studies on it. Among them, there are many papers on the relationship between Journey to the West and Taoism. As a novel, Journey to the West assigns the author's ideal and ambition. Therefore, there must be some difference between the orthodox Taoism thought. The study of Taoist thought in Journey to the West in this paper mainly includes the following aspects: first, the author's highest social ideal and Taoist social ideal are the same and different, that is, the analysis of the beautiful life in Huaguoshan. And compared with the Taoist social ideal; second, the author's ideal change, that is, analysis of the reasons for the collapse of the ideal of Huaguoshan, explain the connotation of the Western Heaven. Under feudal rule, the existence of a free society is not allowed, so the ideal of Huaguo Mountain is doomed to be unrealized, and the author can only turn to other ways, but the author cannot escape the shackles of feudalism because of the limitations of the times. Therefore, only within feudalism can we find a new path suitable for social reform through Taoism's reference and integration of Buddhism, that is to say, the Western Heaven takes sutras, but finally proves that this road is also unworkable; third, the suffering of the West Heaven in taking the Sutra. First, it analyzes the transformation of Sun Wukong's concept of freedom. On the way of taking lessons from the Western Heaven, Sun Wukong gradually changes his views on freedom, accepts the law of benevolence and righteousness in human society, and pursues another kind of freedom. Then there is a comparison between the immortals and the orthodox Taoists. Taoist immortals and demons are symbols of good and evil, but this is not certain in Journey to the West. In the end, it expounds the process of practicing the Sutra in the West Heaven, which is not only the great work of doing good and helping the world, but also the journey of asking questions of the spirit and nourishment; fourth, the cultivation thought in the Journey to the West. That is, the inner Dan practice, as well as the team and fairy spirit reflected in the five elements of Yin and Yang thought. Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie, Sha Wujing and other people practice the inner Dan's skills, and many of the poetic terms in the book reflect the inner Dan's thought. The Scripture team is secretly consistent with the five elements of Yin and Yang. The Taoist terms Jin Gong, Mu Mu and Huang Po are used in the book more than once to refer to Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie and Sha Wujing, but the attributes of Tang Monk and White Dragon Horse are not clearly stated. It can be seen that the Taoist ideas in the book are not rigorous. Immortals and demons are also corresponding to the five elements Yin-Yang attribute, each has different functions.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B958;I207.41

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