宋代前期理学家诗研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 23:10

【摘要】：“理学”是中国独有的概念,在阐释上一般有广义和狭义之分,根据任继愈先生的《中国哲学史》,广义上的理学是“我国特定时期公元十世纪到十九世纪中叶的哲学史断代的统称”包含了宋代以后封建历史的整个思想史。狭义的“理学”则指以周敦颐、邵雍、张载、程颢、程颐等学者通过自己的体悟,融合中国以往儒释道哲学,以“性”“道”“命”“器”等命题范畴为核心,以成就“内圣外王”之道为目的“新儒学”。它是儒学借鉴道家佛家思想形成的,是中国儒释道文化进一步合流的产物。宋代印刷术发达,书籍刊行量较前代大增,再加上朝野尚儒重文之风,故宋朝学术发达,诗文均有很大成就,不少理学家便跻身文坛,写了大量诗歌,而其诗歌创作也沾染理学,铺陈义理,于是便产生了“理学家诗”这一诗歌体裁。本文第一章介绍了宋代前期理学家的定义和创作群体概况,其创作诗人分别是宋初三先生孙复、石介、胡瑗及“北宋五子”——周敦颐、张载、邵雍、二程,还有虽理学贡献不大而诗歌创作不容忽视的陈襄。本文第二章列举了前期理学家诗的题材及主题,分别是咏怀述志类、赠答酬唱类、诗咏史叹今类、纪游写景类、以及其他题材,在介绍各个题材时分别列举其经常表现的主题。本文第三章分析了这一时期理学家诗的创作风貌,并将其归结到以下三点:在诗歌艺术上不事雕琢,诗不求工。呈现出古雅质朴的诗风,有意与古诗相靠拢;在创作手法上多议论,好说理;在诗歌旨趣上多以儒家教义为旨归,呈现出温柔敦厚的品格。本文第四章分析了宋代前期理学家诗的历史地位和影响,本文认为宋代前期理学家诗在中国哲理诗有着不可忽视的地位,与两晋玄言诗、隋唐佛理诗遥遥相对,开创了中国儒家哲理诗的先河。而其又对后来理学家诗的写作具有范式作用,包括对整个宋诗的说理性特点及雅好平淡的审美取向具有很大影响。
[Abstract]:"Neo-Confucianism" is a unique concept in China, which is generally divided into broad sense and narrow sense in interpretation. According to Ren Jiyu's History of Chinese philosophy, In a broad sense, Neo-Confucianism is a general term for the history of philosophy from the tenth century to the middle of the 19th century in the specific period of AD in China, including the whole ideological history of the feudal history after the Song Dynasty. "Neo-Confucianism" in the narrow sense refers to Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and other scholars through their own understanding, fusion of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism philosophy in the past in China, with "nature", "Tao", "fate" and "apparatus" as the core. "Neo-Confucianism" aims at the achievement of the "inner, holy and external kings". It is the result of the further integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In the Song Dynasty, the printing technique was developed, the number of books published was much higher than that of the previous dynasties, and in addition, the government and the opposition were still Confucianism and heavy literature. Therefore, the Song Dynasty had developed academically and had great achievements in poetry, so many Neo-Confucianism had entered the literary world and written a large number of poems. And his poetry creation is also tainted with Neo-Confucianism, spreading righteousness, so the poem of Neo-Confucianism came into being. The first chapter introduces the definition of the Neo-Confucianism and the general situation of the creation group in the early Song Dynasty. The poets are Sun Fu, Shi Jie, Hu Yuan and "five sons of the Northern Song Dynasty"-Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai, Shao Yong, Ercheng, respectively. There is also Chen Xiang, who has made little contribution to poetry and can not be ignored. The second chapter enumerates the themes and themes of the early Neo-Confucianism poems, respectively, which are the chronology of Huai, the type of reply and singing, the type of poetry singing history, the type of travel and writing scenery, and other themes, which are often shown in the introduction of each subject matter. The third chapter analyzes the style and features of the Neo-Confucianism poems in this period, and puts them down to the following three points: there is no carving in the art of poetry, and no work in poetry. It presents an elegant and simple style of poetry, deliberately close to the ancient poetry; more argumentation in the creative techniques, good reasoning; and the Confucian doctrine as the purport of poetry, showing a gentle and honest character. The fourth chapter analyzes the historical position and influence of the Neo-Confucianism poetry in the early Song Dynasty. The author thinks that the Neo-Confucianism poetry in the early Song Dynasty has an important position in the Chinese philosophical poetry, which is opposite to the metaphysical poems in the two Jin dynasties and the Buddhist poems in the Sui and Tang dynasties. Created the first Chinese Confucian philosophy poetry. And it also has the paradigm function to the later Neo-Confucianism poetry writing, including to the entire Song poetry said the rationality characteristic and the elegant good insipid esthetic orientation has the very big influence.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.22

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