改良型草砖房的建造工艺及性能研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 09:04

【摘要】：中国是水稻和小麦的生产大国,每年都有大量的废弃秸秆产生,但由于缺乏有效的利用技术,这些秸秆通常会采用燃烧的方式处理,对环境造成极大的污染。在中国北方农村地区,很多人居住的房屋御寒性能差,寒冷漫长的冬天迫使人们燃烧大量的煤和柴来取暖,大量的燃煤同时带来严重的空气污染。将稻草用于建筑行业可以解决稻草处理的问题;同时,因为草砖房较好的保暖性能,房屋冬季采暖耗煤量能够大幅减少。本文以相关文献作为参考,并且以试验和模拟为基础,对全尺寸稻草砖墙体的热工性能,改良型草砖房的建造工艺,热负荷以及其水平抗风压进行了分析研究。采用ZHWR-1212型防护热箱对不同密度下的平行或垂直热流方向的全尺寸稻草砖墙体进行传热系数测定。通过对试验结果的对比和分析得出适合建造改良型草砖房的全尺寸稻草砖的密度及砌筑方向。通过试验实际建造的草砖房来着重阐述改良后草砖的砌筑工艺,保温层的改良,墙面抹灰的改良以及细部构造措施。对试验建成的草砖房进行热负荷计算并与传统的普通红砖房进行对比,得出改良型草砖房在经济和能耗上的优势;利用大型通用模拟软件ABAQUS对改良型草砖房的墙体进行水平抗风压性能模拟,对模拟结果分析得出改良型草砖房的墙体满足相关的形变及位移要求。改良型草砖房的提出,能有效地解决以往草砖房所遗留的问题,如墙体开裂,保暖性不佳,能耗增加等难题。其优良的保温隔热性能,能给居民带来舒适的居住体验。而其所具备的经济、节能、环保等特点可在我国东北地区推广使用。
[Abstract]:China is a big producer of rice and wheat, and a large number of waste straw are produced every year. However, due to the lack of effective utilization technology, these stalks are usually treated by burning, which causes great pollution to the environment. In rural areas of northern China, homes inhabited by many people are poorly protected from the cold. The long cold winters force people to burn large amounts of coal and firewood to keep warm, and a lot of coal burns to bring serious air pollution. The use of straw in the construction industry can solve the problem of straw treatment; at the same time, because of the better heating performance of straw brick houses, the heating consumption of houses in winter can be greatly reduced. In this paper, based on the reference of relevant documents, and on the basis of test and simulation, the thermal performance of full size straw brick wall, the construction technology of improved straw brick house, the heat load and its horizontal wind pressure are analyzed and studied. The heat transfer coefficient of rice straw brick wall with parallel or vertical heat flux at different densities was measured by using ZHWR-1212 type protective heat box. Through the comparison and analysis of the test results, the density and the masonry direction of the full size straw brick suitable for the construction of the improved straw brick house are obtained. Through testing the actual construction of the grass brick house, the paper mainly expounds the masonry technology of the improved grass brick, the improvement of the insulation layer, the improvement of the wall plastering and the detailed construction measures. The heat load of the straw brick house was calculated and compared with the traditional red brick house. The advantages of the improved straw brick house in economy and energy consumption were obtained. The horizontal wind pressure performance of the improved straw brick building wall is simulated by using the large scale general simulation software ABAQUS. The results show that the wall of the improved grass brick house can meet the requirements of deformation and displacement. The proposal of improved straw brick house can effectively solve the problems left over by the former straw brick house, such as cracking of wall, poor heat preservation, increasing energy consumption and so on. Its excellent thermal insulation performance, can bring comfortable living experience for residents. Its economic, energy-saving, environmental protection and other characteristics can be used in Northeast China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU746.3

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