校园火灾风险评价及人员疏散研究

发布时间：2019-04-26 23:15

【摘要】：随着教育事业的蓬勃发展,学校里的人越来越多,校园是一种公共聚集场所。学校的教学实验室存放危险化学品,一些先进的电气设备被带到日常的教学和生活中,而早期建立的学校,其线路老化,其安全性直接关系到人们的生命和财产安全。首先以高校火灾特点及原因为基础,根据有关规范,以华北理工大学新华道校区为研究对象,运用5M模型、4M模型、ISM模型和层次分析法,对本学校建立校园火灾风险评价指标体系。将校园划分为教学区和生活区两个评价单元。并分别对以上两个单元的火灾隐患进行排查,并记录危险因素。针对校园火灾隐患,利用模糊数学中模糊综合评判和专家走访调查的方法,对所建立的指标体系中的一级指标、二级指标进行综合风险评估,采用层次分析法对指标权重加以确定;通过使用模糊数学中的大家熟悉的模糊综合评判分析了最大隶属度原则的有效性,进行了火灾危险等级评估。最后对隐患提出整改意见,减少消防事故隐患。通过以上分析,从人和建筑物本身对安全疏散因素的影响出发,以华北理工大学6号宿舍楼为例,利用地理信息系统(GIS)的强大功能,分别对非高峰期人员疏散,高峰期人员疏散、只开一个安全疏散出口时高峰期人员疏散,以及只开一个安全疏散出口时非高峰期人员疏散等4种情况进行计算,用以检验现行宿舍楼状态能否满足学生安全疏散。
[Abstract]:With the vigorous development of education, there are more and more people in the school, and the campus is a kind of public gathering place. Dangerous chemicals are stored in the teaching laboratory of the school. Some advanced electrical equipment is brought into daily teaching and living. However, in the early school, the safety of its circuit is directly related to the safety of people's life and property. First of all, based on the characteristics and causes of fire in colleges and universities, according to the relevant norms, taking Xinhua Road Campus of North China University of Technology as the research object, using 5m model, 4m model, ISM model and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), To establish the campus fire risk evaluation index system. The campus is divided into two evaluation units: teaching area and living area. The fire hidden dangers of the above two units were checked, and the risk factors were recorded. In view of the hidden danger of campus fire, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in fuzzy mathematics and the method of expert visiting investigation are used to evaluate the comprehensive risk of the first and second grade indexes in the established index system. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weight of the index. The validity of the principle of maximum membership degree is analyzed by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation which is familiar to everyone in fuzzy mathematics, and the fire risk level is evaluated. At last, the author puts forward some suggestions to reduce the hidden danger of fire accident. Through the above analysis, starting from the influence of people and buildings themselves on the factors of safety evacuation, taking the No. 6 dormitory building of North China University of Science and Technology as an example, using the powerful function of (GIS) to evacuate off-peak people, During the peak period, the evacuation of people during the peak period will be calculated only when a safe evacuation exit is opened, and the evacuation during the off-peak period when only one safe evacuation exit is opened, and the calculation will be carried out in four kinds of cases. It is used to check whether the existing dormitory building can satisfy the safe evacuation of students.
【学位授予单位】：华北理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU998.1

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